Astronomie gravitationnelle

Résumé

vignette|La chambre de contrôle de l'interféromètre LIGO, spécialisé dans la détection des ondes gravitationnelles. L’astronomie gravitationnelle, ou astronomie des ondes gravitationnelles, est la branche de l'astronomie qui observe les objets célestes grâce aux ondes gravitationnelles. Histoire Les ondes gravitationnelles sont tout d'abord par Albert Einstein lorsqu'il établit la théorie de la relativité générale, nouvelle théorie décrivant la gravitation en remplacement de la théorie établie par Isaac Newton au . En 1974, Russell Alan Hulse et Joseph Hooton Taylor découvrirent le pulsar binaire PSR B1913+16, qui est constitué d'un pulsar et d'une étoile compagnon invisible mais qui est probablement aussi une étoile à neutrons. En 1979, des chercheurs ont présenté des mesures montrant une faible accélération des mouvements orbitaux du pulsar. Ce fut la première preuve que le système composé de ces deux masses mobiles émettait des ondes gravitationnelles. Hulse et Taylor

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https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomie_gravitationnelle

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Cosmology is the study of the structure and evolution of the universe as a whole. This course describes the principal themes of cosmology, as seen from the point of view of observations.

Introduce the students to general relativity and its classical tests.

This course provides an in-depth treatment of the latest experimental and theoretical topics in quantum sciences and technologies, including for example quantum sensing, quantum optics, cold atoms, theory of quantum measurements and open dissipative quantum systems, etc.

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A metastable cosmic-string network is a generic consequence of many grand unified theories (GUTs) when combined with cosmic inflation. Metastable cosmic strings are not topologically stable, but decay on cosmic time scales due to pair production of GUT monopoles. This leads to a network consisting of metastable long strings on superhorizon scales as well as of string loops and segments on subhorizon scales. We compute for the first time the complete stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) arising from all these network constituents, including several technical improvements to both the derivation of the loop and segment contributions. We find that the gravitational waves emitted by string loops provide the main contribution to the gravitational-wave spectrum in the relevant parameter space. The resulting spectrum is consistent with the tentative signal observed by the NANOGrav and Parkes pulsar timing collaborations for a string tension of G mu similar to 10(-11...-7) and has ample discovery space for ground- and space-based detectors. For GUT-scale string tensions, G mu similar to 10(-8...-7), metastable strings predict a SGWB in the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA band that could be discovered in the near future.

IOP Publishing Ltd2021

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The first direct measurement of gravitational waves by the LIGO and Virgo collaborations has opened up new avenues to explore our Universe. This white paper outlines the challenges and gains expected in gravitational-wave searches at frequencies above the LIGO/Virgo band, with a particular focus on Ultra High-Frequency Gravitational Waves (UHF-GWs), covering the MHz to GHz range. The absence of known astrophysical sources in this frequency range provides a unique opportunity to discover physics beyond the Standard Model operating both in the early and late Universe, and we highlight some of the most promising gravitational sources. We review several detector concepts that have been proposed to take up this challenge, and compare their expected sensitivity with the signal strength predicted in various models. This report is the summary of the workshop "Challenges and opportunities of high-frequency gravitational wave detection" held at ICTP Trieste, Italy in October 2019, that set up the stage for the recently launched Ultra-High-Frequency Gravitational Wave (UHF-GW) initiative.

SPRINGER INT PUBL AG2021

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We interpret the recent NANOGrav results in terms of a stochastic gravitational wave background from metastable cosmic strings. The observed amplitude of a stochastic signal can be translated into a range for the cosmic string tension and the mass of magnetic monopoles arising in theories of grand unification. In a sizable part of the parameter space, this interpretation predicts a large stochastic gravitational wave signal in the frequency band of ground-based interferometers, which can be probed in the very near future. We confront these results with predictions from successful inflation, leptogenesis and dark matter from the spontaneous breaking of a gauged B - L symmetry. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

2020

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