Observatoire d'ondes gravitationnelles

En astronomie, un observatoire d'ondes gravitationnelles (on parle aussi de détecteur d'ondes gravitationnelles) est un système destiné à détecter et mesurer les ondes gravitationnelles. Méthodes Un moyen relativement simple d'observer ces ondes est connu sous le nom de barre de Weber : sous l'effet d'une onde gravitationnelle, l'espace-temps se déforme très légèrement. Ainsi, un objet est également déformé - on peut alors déduire l'intensité et la provenance de l'onde. Cependant les déformations étant infimes, on ne réussit pas à détecter d'onde gravitationnelle avec cette technique. Les techniques modernes utilisent l'interférométrie laser. Avec cette technique, on mesure l'infime différence de marche entre deux lasers provoquée par le passage de l'onde. A la différence de la barre de Weber, les distances parcourues par les lasers sont de l'ordre du kilomètre ce qui accroit fortement le pouvoir de détection. Parmi les détecteurs les plus performants, on compte : LIGO,

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Challenges and opportunities of gravitational-wave searches at MHz to GHz frequencies

Valerie Fiona Domcke, Daniel Garcia Figueroa, Francisco Torrenti

The first direct measurement of gravitational waves by the LIGO and Virgo collaborations has opened up new avenues to explore our Universe. This white paper outlines the challenges and gains expected in gravitational-wave searches at frequencies above the LIGO/Virgo band, with a particular focus on Ultra High-Frequency Gravitational Waves (UHF-GWs), covering the MHz to GHz range. The absence of known astrophysical sources in this frequency range provides a unique opportunity to discover physics beyond the Standard Model operating both in the early and late Universe, and we highlight some of the most promising gravitational sources. We review several detector concepts that have been proposed to take up this challenge, and compare their expected sensitivity with the signal strength predicted in various models. This report is the summary of the workshop "Challenges and opportunities of high-frequency gravitational wave detection" held at ICTP Trieste, Italy in October 2019, that set up the stage for the recently launched Ultra-High-Frequency Gravitational Wave (UHF-GW) initiative.

SPRINGER INT PUBL AG2021

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Potential of Radio Telescopes as High-Frequency Gravitational Wave Detectors

Valerie Fiona Domcke

In the presence of magnetic fields, gravitational waves are converted into photons and vice versa. We demonstrate that this conversion leads to a distortion of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), which can serve as a detector for MHz to GHz gravitational wave sources active before reionization. The measurements of the radio telescope EDGES can be cast as a bound on the gravitational wave amplitude, h(c) < 10(-21) (10(-12)) at 78 MHz, for the strongest (weakest) cosmic magnetic fields allowed by current astrophysical and cosmological constraints. Similarly, the results of ARCADE 2 imply h(c) < 10(-24) (10(-14)) at 3-30 GHz. For the strongest magnetic fields, these constraints exceed current laboratory constraints by about 7 orders of magnitude. Future advances in 21 cm astronomy may conceivably push these bounds below the sensitivity of cosmological constraints on the total energy density of gravitational waves.

2021

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The GRANDMA network in preparation for the fourth gravitational-wave observing run

Jean-Paul Richard Kneib, Xiao Wang, Jieping Zhu

GRANDMA is a world-wide collaboration with the primary scientific goal of studying gravitational-wave sources, discovering their electromagnetic counterparts and characterizing their emission. GRANDMA involves astronomers, astrophysicists, gravitational-wave physicists, and theorists. GRANDMA is now a truly global network of telescopes, with (so far) 30 telescopes in both hemispheres. It incorporates a citizen science programme (Kilonova-Catcher) which constitutes an opportunity to spread the interest in time-domain astronomy. The telescope network is an heterogeneous set of already-existing observing facilities that operate coordinated as a single observatory. Within the network there are wide-field imagers that can observe large areas of the sky to search for optical counterparts, narrow-field instruments that do targeted searches within a predefined list of host-galaxy candidates, and larger telescopes that are devoted to characterization and follow-up of the identified counterparts. Here we present an overview of GRANDMA after the third observing run of the LIGO/VIRGO gravitational-wave observatories in 2019 - 2020 and its ongoing preparation for the forthcoming fourth observational campaign (O4). Additionally, we review the potential of GRANDMA for the discovery and follow-up of other types of astronomical transients.

SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING2022

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Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory

Le Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (« Observatoire d'ondes gravitationnelles par interférométrie laser »), en abrégé LIGO, est une expérience de physique à grande échelle dont le

Onde gravitationnelle

En physique, une onde gravitationnelle, appelée parfois onde de gravitation, est une oscillation de la courbure de l'espace-temps qui se propage à grande distance de son point de formation. Albert

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La relativité générale est une théorie relativiste de la gravitation, c'est-à-dire qu'elle décrit l'influence de la présence de matière, et plus généralement d'énergie, sur le mouvement des astres e

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