Gyrobicoupole octogonale allongée

In geometry, the elongated square gyrobicupola or pseudo-rhombicuboctahedron is one of the Johnson solids (J_37). It is not usually considered to be an Archimedean solid, even though its faces consist of regular polygons that meet in the same pattern at each of its vertices, because unlike the 13 Archimedean solids, it lacks a set of global symmetries that map every vertex to every other vertex (though Grünbaum has suggested it should be added to the traditional list of Archimedean solids as a 14th example). It strongly resembles, but should not be mistaken for, the rhombicuboctahedron, which is an Archimedean solid. It is also a canonical polyhedron. This shape may have been discovered by Johannes Kepler in his enumeration of the Archimedean solids, but its first clear appearance in print appears to be the work of Duncan Sommerville in 1905. It was independently rediscovered by J. C. P. Miller by 1930 (by mistake while attempting to construct a model of the rhombicuboctahedron) and again by V. G. Ashkinuse in 1957. As the name suggests, it can be constructed by elongating a square gyrobicupola (J29) and inserting an octagonal prism between its two halves. The solid can also be seen as the result of twisting one of the square cupolae (J4) on a rhombicuboctahedron (one of the Archimedean solids; a.k.a. the elongated square orthobicupola) by 45 degrees. It is therefore a gyrate rhombicuboctahedron. Its similarity to the rhombicuboctahedron gives it the alternative name pseudo-rhombicuboctahedron. It has occasionally been referred to as "the fourteenth Archimedean solid". This property does not carry over to its pentagonal-faced counterpart, the gyrate rhombicosidodecahedron. The pseudo-rhombicuboctahedron possesses D4d symmetry. It is locally vertex-regular – the arrangement of the four faces incident on any vertex is the same for all vertices; this is unique among the Johnson solids. However, the manner in which it is "twisted" gives it a distinct "equator" and two distinct "poles", which in turn divide its vertices into 8 "polar" vertices (4 per pole) and 16 "equatorial" vertices.

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Concepts associés (8)

Coupole octogonale

In geometry, the square cupola, sometimes called lesser dome, is one of the Johnson solids (J_4). It can be obtained as a slice of the rhombicuboctahedron. As in all cupolae, the base polygon has twice as many edges and vertices as the top; in this case the base polygon is an octagon. The following formulae for the circumradius, surface area, volume, and height can be used if all faces are regular, with edge length a: The dual of the square cupola has 8 triangular and 4 kite faces: The crossed square cupola is one of the nonconvex Johnson solid isomorphs, being topologically identical to the convex square cupola.

Polyèdre isoédrique

vignette| Un jeu de dés isoédriques En géométrie, un polytope de dimension 3 (un polyèdre) ou plus est dit isoédrique lorsque ses faces sont identiques. Plus précisément, toutes les faces ne doivent pas être simplement isométriques, mais doivent être transitives, c'est-à-dire qu'elles doivent se trouver dans la même orbite de symétrie. En d'autres termes, pour toutes les faces A et B, il doit y avoir une symétrie de l'ensemble du solide par rotations et réflexions qui envoie A sur B.

Polyèdre semi-régulier

vignette|Le cuboctaèdre, un des 13 solides d'Archimède. Un polyèdre est dit semi-régulier si ses faces sont des polygones réguliers, et si son groupe de symétrie est transitif sur ses sommets. Ou au moins, c'est ce qui découle de la définition de 1900 de Gosset sur le polytope semi-régulier le plus général. Ces polyèdres incluent : Les treize solides d'Archimède. La série infinie des prismes convexes. La série infinie des antiprismes convexes (leur nature semi-régulière fut observée en premier par Kepler).