Kaiser PermanenteKaiser Permanente (ˈkaɪzər_pɜrməˈnɛnteɪ; KP) is an American integrated managed care consortium, based in Oakland, California, United States, founded in 1945 by industrialist Henry J. Kaiser and physician Sidney Garfield. Kaiser Permanente is made up of three distinct but interdependent groups of entities: the Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc. (KFHP) and its regional operating subsidiaries; Kaiser Foundation Hospitals; and the regional Permanente Medical Groups.
Fee-for-serviceFee-for-service (FFS) is a payment model where services are unbundled and paid for separately. In health care, it gives an incentive for physicians to provide more treatments because payment is dependent on the quantity of care, rather than quality of care. However evidence of the effectiveness of FFS in improving health care quality is mixed, without conclusive proof that these programs either succeed or fail. Similarly, when patients are shielded from paying (cost-sharing) by health insurance coverage, they are incentivized to welcome any medical service that might do some good.
Health maintenance organizationAux États-Unis, un health maintenance organization ou HMO (en français, organisme d'assurance maladie) est un groupe d'assurance médicale qui fournit des services de santé moyennant une cotisation annuelle fixe. Il s'agit d'un organisme qui fournit ou organise la gestion des soins de santé pour les compagnies offrant des plans d'assurance maladie, les compagnies ayant des régimes de prestations de soins de santé autofinancés, les particuliers et d'autres entités, en assurant la liaison avec les prestataires de soins de santé (hôpitaux, médecins, etc.
Independent practice associationIn the United States, an independent practice association (IPA) is an association of independent physicians, or other organizations that contracts with independent care delivery organizations, and provides services to managed care organizations on a negotiated per capita rate, flat retainer fee, or negotiated fee-for-service basis. An HMO or other managed care plan can contract with an IPA, which in turn contracts with independent care providers or physicians to treat members at discounted fees or on a capitation basis.
Aetna (assurances)Aetna est une entreprise américaine, spécialisée dans l'assurance santé des employés, cotée en Bourse. Elle succède à la société d'assurances généraliste Ætna, d'Hartford, dans le Connecticut. Ætna fournit sa première assurance vie en 1850, trente ans après sa fondation. Ætna continue d'assurer les biens, contre les accidents et joue un rôle actif sur les marchés obligataires. En , Aetna fait une offre d'acquisition, en action et en liquidité, de 37 milliards de dollars sur Humana, une entreprise d'assurance américaine.
HôpitalUn hôpital est un établissement de soins où un personnel soignant peut prendre en charge des personnes malades ou victimes de traumatismes trop complexes pour être traités à domicile ou dans le cabinet de médecin.
Assurance maladieL’assurance maladie est un dispositif chargé d'assurer un individu face à des risques financiers de soins en cas de maladie, ainsi qu'un revenu minimal lorsque l'affection prive la personne de travail. Dans la plupart des pays occidentaux, une grande part de l'assurance maladie est prise en charge par l'État. C'est d'ailleurs une des composantes fondamentales de la sécurité sociale, et un devoir de l’État selon la Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme de 1948.
Pay for performance (healthcare)In the healthcare industry, pay for performance (P4P), also known as "value-based purchasing", is a payment model that offers financial incentives to physicians, hospitals, medical groups, and other healthcare providers for meeting certain performance measures. Clinical outcomes, such as longer survival, are difficult to measure, so pay for performance systems usually evaluate process quality and efficiency, such as measuring blood pressure, lowering blood pressure, or counseling patients to stop smoking.
Health services researchHealth services research (HSR) became a burgeoning field in North America in the 1960s, when scientific information and policy deliberation began to coalesce. Sometimes also referred to as health systems research or health policy and systems research (HPSR), HSR is a multidisciplinary scientific field that examines how people get access to health care practitioners and health care services, how much care costs, and what happens to patients as a result of this care.
Capitation (healthcare)Capitation is a payment arrangement for health care service providers. It pays a set amount for each enrolled person assigned to them, per period of time, whether or not that person seeks care. The amount of remuneration is based on the average expected health care utilization of that patient, with payment for patients generally varying by age and health status. There are differing arrangements in different healthcare systems.
