Pronom neutreA third-person pronoun is a pronoun that refers to an entity other than the speaker or listener. Some languages with gender-specific pronouns have them as part of a grammatical gender system, a system of agreement where most or all nouns have a value for this grammatical category. A few languages with gender-specific pronouns, such as English, Afrikaans, Defaka, Khmu, Malayalam, Tamil, and Yazgulyam, lack grammatical gender; in such languages, gender usually adheres to "natural gender", which is often based on biological sex.
Flexion (linguistique)En grammaire, la flexion est, dans certaines langues, un procédé d’expression des traits grammaticaux propres à celles-ci par association de morphèmes grammaticaux à une base. Au-delà de cette définition générale, on trouve chez divers auteurs des visions différentes sur la flexion. Certains auteurs entendent par flexion seulement le procédé par lequel la forme du mot est modifiée par des affixes qui font corps commun avec la base à laquelle ils sont ajoutés.
He (pronoun)In Modern English, he is a singular, masculine, third-person pronoun. In Standard Modern English, he has four shapes representing five distinct word forms: he: the nominative (subjective) form him: the accusative (objective) form (also called the oblique case) his: the dependent and independent genitive (possessive) forms himself: the reflexive form Old English had a single third-person pronoun — from the Proto-Germanic demonstrative base *khi-, from PIE *ko- "this" — which had a plural and three genders in the singular.
Thou (pronom personnel)Le mot anglais thou (prononcer /ðaʊ/) est un pronom personnel de la deuxième personne du singulier de l'anglais moderne naissant. C'est l'équivalent du « tu » français. Il est aujourd'hui considéré comme archaïque, ayant été remplacé dans pratiquement tous les contextes par you (qui était donc à l'origine la forme de politesse et du pluriel), ce qui prive l'anglais moderne de la distinction entre tutoiement et vouvoiement. Il existait aussi un verbe to thou, aujourd'hui complètement disparu de la langue anglaise, signifiant « tutoyer ».
WeIn Modern English, we is a plural, first-person pronoun. In Standard Modern English, we has six distinct shapes for five word forms: we: the nominative (subjective) form us and : the accusative (objective; also called the 'oblique'.) form our: the dependent genitive (possessive) form ours: the independent genitive (possessive) form ourselves: the reflexive form There is also a distinct determiner we as in we humans aren't perfect, which some people consider to be just an extended use of the pronoun.
YouIn Modern English, you is the second-person pronoun. It is grammatically plural, and was historically used only for the dative case, but in most modern dialects is used for all cases and numbers. You comes from the Proto-Germanic demonstrative base *juz-, *iwwiz from Proto-Indo-European *yu- (second-person plural pronoun). Old English had singular, dual, and plural second-person pronouns. The dual form was lost by the twelfth century, and the singular form was lost by the early 1600s.
Object pronounIn linguistics, an object pronoun is a personal pronoun that is used typically as a grammatical object: the direct or indirect object of a verb, or the object of a preposition. Object pronouns contrast with subject pronouns. Object pronouns in English take the objective case, sometimes called the oblique case or object case. For example, the English object pronoun me is found in "They see me" (direct object), "He's giving me my book" (indirect object), and "Sit with me" (object of a preposition); this contrasts with the subject pronoun in "I see them," "I am getting my book," and "I am sitting here.
Subject pronounIn linguistics, a subject pronoun is a personal pronoun that is used as the subject of a verb. Subject pronouns are usually in the nominative case for languages with a nominative–accusative alignment pattern. On the other hand, a language with an ergative-absolutive pattern usually has separate subject pronouns for transitive and intransitive verbs: an ergative case pronoun for transitive verbs and an absolutive case pronoun for intransitive verbs. In English, the commonly used subject pronouns are I, you, he, she, it, one, we, they, who and what.
TheyIn Modern English, they is a third-person pronoun relating to a grammatical subject. In Standard Modern English, they has five distinct word forms: they: the nominative (subjective) form them: the accusative (objective, called the 'oblique'.) and a non-standard determinative form. their: the dependent genitive (possessive) form theirs: independent genitive form themselves: prototypical reflexive form themself: derivative reflexive form (nonstandard; now chiefly used instead of "himself or herself" as a reflexive epicenity for they in pronominal reference to a singular referent) Old English had a single third-person pronoun hē, which had both singular and plural forms, and they wasn't among them.
Pronom personnel en françaisEn grammaire française, le pronom personnel est une catégorie de pronoms servant à désigner les trois types de personnes grammaticales. La classification des pronoms en trois personnes distinctes a été héritée de la culture grecque qui appelait Personae les figurations réalisées par la flexion verbale. Image:PronomPersonnel2Je.png|vignette|Je. Image:PronomPersonnel2Tu.png|vignette|Tu. Image:PronomPersonnel2Il.png|vignette|Il. Image:PronomPersonnel2Elle.png|vignette|Elle. Les trois personnes grammaticales sont : 1.
