Linear relationIn linear algebra, a linear relation, or simply relation, between elements of a vector space or a module is a linear equation that has these elements as a solution. More precisely, if are elements of a (left) module M over a ring R (the case of a vector space over a field is a special case), a relation between is a sequence of elements of R such that The relations between form a module. One is generally interested in the case where is a generating set of a finitely generated module M, in which case the module of the relations is often called a syzygy module of M.
Resolution (algebra)In mathematics, and more specifically in homological algebra, a resolution (or left resolution; dually a coresolution or right resolution) is an exact sequence of modules (or, more generally, of s of an ), which is used to define invariants characterizing the structure of a specific module or object of this category. When, as usually, arrows are oriented to the right, the sequence is supposed to be infinite to the left for (left) resolutions, and to the right for right resolutions.
Dimension homologiqueEn algèbre, la dimension homologique d'un anneau R diffère en général de sa dimension de Krull et se définit à partir des résolutions projectives ou injectives des R-modules. On définit également la dimension faible à partir des résolutions plates des R-modules. La dimension de Krull (respectivement homologique, faible) de R peut être vue comme une mesure de l'éloignement de cet anneau par rapport à la classe des anneaux artiniens (resp. semi-simples, ), cette dimension étant nulle si, et seulement si R est artinien (resp.
Regular sequenceIn commutative algebra, a regular sequence is a sequence of elements of a commutative ring which are as independent as possible, in a precise sense. This is the algebraic analogue of the geometric notion of a complete intersection. For a commutative ring R and an R-module M, an element r in R is called a non-zero-divisor on M if r m = 0 implies m = 0 for m in M. An M-regular sequence is a sequence r1, ..., rd in R such that ri is a not a zero-divisor on M/(r1, ..., ri-1)M for i = 1, ..., d.
Hilbert series and Hilbert polynomialIn commutative algebra, the Hilbert function, the Hilbert polynomial, and the Hilbert series of a graded commutative algebra finitely generated over a field are three strongly related notions which measure the growth of the dimension of the homogeneous components of the algebra. These notions have been extended to filtered algebras, and graded or filtered modules over these algebras, as well as to coherent sheaves over projective schemes.
Linear equation over a ringIn algebra, linear equations and systems of linear equations over a field are widely studied. "Over a field" means that the coefficients of the equations and the solutions that one is looking for belong to a given field, commonly the real or the complex numbers. This article is devoted to the same problems where "field" is replaced by "commutative ring", or, typically "Noetherian integral domain". In the case of a single equation, the problem splits in two parts.
Anneau local régulierEn mathématiques, les anneaux réguliers forment une classe d'anneaux très utile en géométrie algébrique. Ce sont des anneaux qui localement sont les plus proches possibles des anneaux de polynômes sur un corps. Soit un anneau local noethérien d'idéal maximal . Soit son espace tangent de Zariski qui est un espace vectoriel de dimension finie sur le corps résiduel . Cette dimension est minorée par la dimension de Krull de l'anneau . On dit que est régulier s'il y a égalité entre ces deux dimensions : Par le lemme de Nakayama, cela équivaut à dire que est engendré par éléments.
