Concept
Inversion (linguistique)
Concepts associés (16)
Néerlandais
Le néerlandais (Nederlands, prononciation ) est, avec ses 25 millions de locuteurs maternels, la troisième langue germanique après l'anglais et l'allemand. Elle est langue officielle aux Pays-Bas et dans ses territoires d'outre mer, en Belgique et au Suriname. Elle est enfin langue régionale en France. Confinée dans l'actuel Westhoek français après une importante extension médiévale, elle a toutefois quasiment disparu de la Flandre française au cours du .
Subject–auxiliary inversion
Subject–auxiliary inversion (SAI; also called subject–operator inversion) is a frequently occurring type of inversion in English, whereby a finite auxiliary verb – taken here to include finite forms of the copula be – appears to "invert" (change places) with the subject. The word order is therefore Aux-S (auxiliary–subject), which is the opposite of the canonical SV (subject–verb) order of declarative clauses in English.
Topic and comment
In linguistics, the topic, or theme, of a sentence is what is being talked about, and the comment (rheme or focus) is what is being said about the topic. This division into old vs. new content is called information structure. It is generally agreed that clauses are divided into topic vs. comment, but in certain cases the boundary between them depends on which specific grammatical theory is being used to analyze the sentence. The topic of a sentence is distinct from the grammatical subject.
Syntactic movement
Syntactic movement is the means by which some theories of syntax address discontinuities. Movement was first postulated by structuralist linguists who expressed it in terms of discontinuous constituents or displacement. Some constituents appear to have been displaced from the position in which they receive important features of interpretation. The concept of movement is controversial and is associated with so-called transformational or derivational theories of syntax (such as transformational grammar, government and binding theory, minimalist program).
Discontinuity (linguistics)
In linguistics, a discontinuity occurs when a given word or phrase is separated from another word or phrase that it modifies in such a manner that a direct connection cannot be established between the two without incurring crossing lines in the tree structure. The terminology that is employed to denote discontinuities varies depending on the theory of syntax at hand. The terms discontinuous constituent, displacement, long distance dependency, unbounded dependency, and projectivity violation are largely synonymous with the term discontinuity.
Negative inversion
In linguistics, negative inversion is one of many types of subject–auxiliary inversion in English. A negation (e.g. not, no, never, nothing, etc.) or a word that implies negation (only, hardly, scarcely) or a phrase containing one of these words precedes the finite auxiliary verb necessitating that the subject and finite verb undergo inversion. Negative inversion is a phenomenon of English syntax. Other Germanic languages have a more general V2 word order, which allows inversion to occur much more often than in English, so they may not acknowledge negative inversion as a specific phenomenon.
Langue V2
Une langue à verbe second, ou en abrégé langue V2, est, en typologie syntaxique, une langue dont les propositions principales ont toujours un verbe comme deuxième constituant. Cette condition n'est pas nécessaire pour les autres types de propositions. L'effet V2 est démontré clairement dans les phrases suivantes en néerlandais : Ik las gisteren dit boek je lus hier ce livre (J'ai lu hier ce livre) Gisteren las ik dit boek hier lus je ce livre (Hier j'ai lu ce livre) Dit boek las ik gisteren ce livre lus je hier (Ce livre, je l'ai lu hier) On peut avoir l'impression que le verbe est en troisième position dans la dernière phrase, mais il en est en fait le deuxième constituant, le premier étant « dit boek » (ce livre).
Subject–verb inversion in English
Subject–verb inversion in English is a type of inversion marked by a predicate verb that precedes a corresponding subject, e.g., "Beside the bed stood a lamp". Subject–verb inversion is distinct from subject–auxiliary inversion because the verb involved is not an auxiliary verb. The following sentences illustrate subject–verb inversion. They compare canonical order with the non-standard inversion order, and they demonstrate that subject–verb inversion is unlikely if the subject is a weak (non-stressed) definite pronoun: a.
Thématisation
En linguistique, on appelle thématisation (dans la tradition terminologique francophone) ou topicalisation (dans la tradition terminologique anglophone) un procédé langagier consistant à mettre en position de thème (en anglais topic) un élément ou un groupe d'éléments qui composent la phrase. Selon la définition structuraliste, le thème est à opposer au rhème dans le sens où le rhème représente un propos « nouveau » alors que le thème représente le cadre général du discours.
Interrogative
An interrogative clause is a clause whose form is typically associated with question-like meanings. For instance, the English sentence "Is Hannah sick?" has interrogative syntax which distinguishes it from its declarative counterpart "Hannah is sick". Also, the additional question mark closing the statement assures that the reader is informed of the interrogative mood. Interrogative clauses may sometimes be embedded within a phrase, for example: "Paul knows who is sick", where the interrogative clause "who is sick" serves as complement of the embedding verb "know".