Concept
Intensional logic
Concepts associés (6)
Two-dimensionalism
Two-dimensionalism is an approach to semantics in analytic philosophy. It is a theory of how to determine the sense and reference of a word and the truth-value of a sentence. It is intended to resolve the puzzle: How is it possible to discover empirically that a necessary truth is true? Two-dimensionalism provides an analysis of the semantics of words and sentences that makes sense of this possibility. The theory was first developed by Robert Stalnaker, but it has been advocated by numerous philosophers since, including David Chalmers.
Intension
In any of several fields of study that treat the use of signs—for example, in linguistics, logic, mathematics, semantics, semiotics, and philosophy of language—an intension is any property or quality connoted by a word, phrase, or another symbol. In the case of a word, the word's definition often implies an intension. For instance, the intensions of the word plant include properties such as "being composed of cellulose (not always true)", "alive", and "organism", among others. A comprehension is the collection of all such intensions.
Temperature paradox
The Temperature Paradox or Partee's Paradox is a classic puzzle in formal semantics and philosophical logic. Formulated by Barbara Partee in the 1970s, it consists of the following argument, which speakers of English judge as wildly invalid. The temperature is ninety. The temperature is rising. Therefore, ninety is rising. (invalid conclusion) Despite its obvious invalidity, this argument would be valid in most formalizations based on traditional extensional systems of logic.
Extension (semantics)
In any of several fields of study that treat the use of signs — for example, in linguistics, logic, mathematics, semantics, semiotics, and philosophy of language — the extension of a concept, idea, or sign consists of the things to which it applies, in contrast with its comprehension or intension, which consists very roughly of the ideas, properties, or corresponding signs that are implied or suggested by the concept in question.
Sens et Dénotation
Sens et Dénotation (Über Sinn und Bedeutung), aussi traduit par Sens et Référence, est un article de Gottlob Frege publié en 1892 dans la revue Zeitschrift für Philosophie und philosophische Kritik. Les notions qui y sont définies, le sens (Sinn) et la dénotation (Bedeutung ; aussi traduit par « vouloir-dire » ou par « référence »), ont été déterminantes pour la constitution du domaine de la sémantique formelle d'inspiration logique. À ce titre, l'article est aussi généralement considéré comme l'un des textes fondateurs de la philosophie analytique.
Logique
La logique — du grec , qui est un terme dérivé de signifiant à la fois « raison », « langage » et « raisonnement » — est, dans une première approche, l'étude de l'inférence, c'est-à-dire des règles formelles que doit respecter toute argumentation correcte. Le terme aurait été utilisé pour la première fois par Xénocrate. La logique antique se décompose d'abord en dialectique et rhétorique. Elle est depuis l'Antiquité l'une des grandes disciplines de la philosophie, avec l'éthique (philosophie morale) et la physique (science de la nature).