Ikhwan al-SafaLes Rasâ’il Ikhwân al-Safâ’ (Les Épîtres des Frères en pureté, رسائل إخوان الصفا) sont une somme savante composée de 52 épîtres portant chacune sur une science philosophique depuis l'arithmétique jusqu'à la magie. Leur nom est lié à une épître compréhensive (Al-Risâla al-jâmi`a) qui fait une synthèse de l’ouvrage. La paternité de l'ouvrage, ainsi que sa datation et son appartenance religieuse sont contestées. Le consensus tourne autour de l'Irak durant l'époque abbasside (entre le et le ).
Encyclopedia of the Brethren of PurityThe Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity (رسائل إخوان الصفا, Rasā'il Ikhwān al-ṣafā') also variously known as the Epistles of the Brethren of Sincerity, Epistles of the Brethren of Purity and Epistles of the Brethren of Purity and Loyal Friends is an Islamic encyclopedia in 52 treatises (rasā'il) written by the mysterious Brethren of Purity of Basra, Iraq sometime in the second half of the 10th century CE (or possibly later, in the 11th century).
Islamic advice literatureIslamic advice literature may include collections of stories or anecdotes such as legal opinion, interpretation of religious text, legal theory, guidance, consultation, or Islamic stories. Islamic advice literature is usually printed on small leaflets and often involves advice from individuals or authorities. In contrast to Fatwa, Tafsir, and Fiqh, Nasîhat and advice literature can come from secular sources, and are not required to be written by Ulama (Islamic scholars).
Mohammed Bakr al-SadrMohammed Bakr al-Sadr (en محمد باقر الصدر), né le et mort le , est un Grand Ayatollah, religieux chiite irakien né à Al-Kazimiya (Irak). Beau-père de Moqtada al-Sadr (à la tête de l’armée du Mehdi), il a notamment pour cousins les dignitaires chiites Mohammad Sadeq al-Sadr et Musa al-Sadr. Son père Haydar al-Sadr est également un religieux chiite de haut rang. Sa lignée remonte à Mahomet à travers le septième imam du chiisme, Musa al-Kazim. Il est le fondateur du mouvement islamique irakien Ad-Daawa.
Resacralization of knowledgeIn traditionalist philosophy, resacralization of knowledge is the reverse of the process of secularization of knowledge. The central premise is that knowledge is intimately connected to its perceived divine source—God or the Ultimate Reality—which has been severed in modern times. The process of resacralization of knowledge seeks to reinstate the role of intellect—the divine faculty believed to exist in every human being—above and beyond that of reason, as well as to revive the role of traditional metaphysics in acquiring knowledge—especially knowledge of God—by drawing on sacred traditions and sacred science that uphold divine revelations and the spiritual or gnostic teachings of all revealed religions.
History of Islamic economicsBetween the 9th and 14th centuries, the Muslim world developed many advanced economic concepts, techniques and usages. These ranged from areas of production, investment, finance, economic development, taxation, property use such as Hawala: an early informal value transfer system, Islamic trusts, known as waqf, systems of contract relied upon by merchants, a widely circulated common currency, cheques, promissory notes, early contracts, bills of exchange, and forms of commercial partnership such as mufawada.
