Êtes-vous un étudiant de l'EPFL à la recherche d'un projet de semestre?
Travaillez avec nous sur des projets en science des données et en visualisation, et déployez votre projet sous forme d'application sur GraphSearch.
Concept
Polymer stabilizers
Résumé
Polymer stabilizers (British: polymer stabilisers) are chemical additives which may be added to polymeric materials, such as plastics and rubbers, to inhibit or retard their degradation.
Common polymer degradation processes include oxidation, UV-damage, thermal degradation, ozonolysis, combinations thereof such as photo-oxidation, as well as reactions with catalyst residues, dyes, or impurities.
All of these degrade the polymer at a chemical level, via chain scission, uncontrolled recombination and cross-linking, which adversely affects many key properties such as strength, malleability, appearance and colour.
Stabilizers are used at all stages of the polymer life-cycle. They allow plastic items to be produced faster and with fewer defects, extend their useful lifespan, and facilitate their recycling. However they also continue to stabilise waste plastic, causing it to remain in the environment for longer.
Many different types of plastic exist and each may be vulnerable to several types of degradation, which usually results in several different stabilisers being used in combination. Even for objects made from the same type of plastic, different applications may have different stabilisation requirements. Regulatory considerations, such as food contact approval are also present. A wide range of stabilizers is therefore needed.
The market for antioxidant stabilisers was estimated at US5.5 billion by 2025.
Antioxidants inhibit autoxidation that occurs when polymers reacts with atmospheric oxygen. Aerobic degradation occurs gradually at room temperature, but almost all polymers are at risk of thermal-oxidation when they are processed at high temperatures. The molding or casting of plastics (e.g. injection molding) require them to be above their melting point or glass transition temperature (~200-300 °C). Under these conditions reactions with oxygen occur much more rapidly. Once initiated, autoxidation can be autocatalytic.
Source officielle
À propos de ce résultat
Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.
Concepts associés (17)
Matière plastique
vignette|Les matières plastiques font désormais partie de notre quotidien. Structure typique d'une formule : matière plastique = polymère(s) brut(s) (résine(s) de base) + charges + plastifiants + additifs. Les élastomères sont souvent classés hors des matières plastiques proprement dites. Une matière plastique (le plastique en langage courant) est un polymère généralement mélangé à des additifs, colorants, charges (miscibles ou non dans la matrice polymère).
Photodégradation
vignette|Un sachet en plastique vert pour déchets canins après trois mois d'exposition avec très peu de précipitations. La photodégradation est la dégradation d'une molécule photodégradable causée par l'absorption de photons, en particulier ceux émis par le Soleil et correspondant aux rayonnements ultraviolet, visible et infrarouge. Photodégradation d'un polymère Biofragmentable Photosensibilité Solarisation Décomposition chimique Photosynthèse Grade Catégorie:Photochimie Catégorie:Biodégradation Catégorie:
Polymer stabilizers
Polymer stabilizers (British: polymer stabilisers) are chemical additives which may be added to polymeric materials, such as plastics and rubbers, to inhibit or retard their degradation. Common polymer degradation processes include oxidation, UV-damage, thermal degradation, ozonolysis, combinations thereof such as photo-oxidation, as well as reactions with catalyst residues, dyes, or impurities. All of these degrade the polymer at a chemical level, via chain scission, uncontrolled recombination and cross-linking, which adversely affects many key properties such as strength, malleability, appearance and colour.