Concept
Trace evidence
Concepts associés (8)
Scène de crime
vignette|alt=Photo en noir et blanc avec un corps étendu de dos sur un sol aride, trois personnes discutant en second plan sur la droite.|Le corps d'Orlie Cormeau près de Cannon Ball dans la Réserve indienne de Standing Rock, en 1941. La scène de crime ou scène d'infraction selon la dénomination de la police nationale française s'il ne s'agit pas d'un crime au sens strict, comprend à la fois les lieux où s'est produit un crime, un délit ou un accident d'origine éventuellement criminelle, mais aussi l'état de ces lieux.
Forensic materials engineering
Forensic materials engineering, a branch of forensic engineering, focuses on the material evidence from crime or accident scenes, seeking defects in those materials which might explain why an accident occurred, or the source of a specific material to identify a criminal. Many analytical methods used for material identification may be used in investigations, the exact set being determined by the nature of the material in question, be it metal, glass, ceramic, polymer or composite.
Forensic polymer engineering
Forensic polymer engineering is the study of failure in polymeric products. The topic includes the fracture of plastic products, or any other reason why such a product fails in service, or fails to meet its specification. The subject focuses on the material evidence from crime or accident scenes, seeking defects in those materials that might explain why an accident occurred, or the source of a specific material to identify a criminal.
Principe d'échange de Locard
In forensic science, Locard's principle holds that the perpetrator of a crime will bring something into the crime scene and leave with something from it, and that both can be used as forensic evidence. Dr. Edmond Locard (1877–1966) was a pioneer in forensic science who became known as the Sherlock Holmes of Lyon, France. He formulated the basic principle of forensic science as: "Every contact leaves a trace". It is generally understood as "with contact between two items, there will be an exchange." Paul L.
Skid mark
A skid mark is the visible mark left by any solid which moves against another, and is an important aspect of trace evidence analysis in forensic science and forensic engineering. Skid marks caused by tires on roads occur when a vehicle wheel stops rolling and slides or spins on the surface of the road. Skid marks can be analyzed to find the maximum and minimum vehicle speed prior to an impact or incident. Skidding can also occur on black ice or diesel deposits on the road and may not leave a mark at all.
Science forensique
L’analyse scientifique de cas, appelée par calque de l'anglais science forensique ou la forensique, regroupe l'ensemble des méthodes d'analyse fondées sur les sciences (chimie, physique, biologie, neurosciences, informatique, mathématique, , statistique) afin de servir au travail d' de manière large. Cette analyse scientifique a pour but « la découverte de faits, l'amélioration des connaissances ou la résolution de doutes et de problèmes.
Forensic identification
Forensic identification is the application of forensic science, or "forensics", and technology to identify specific objects from the trace evidence they leave, often at a crime scene or the scene of an accident. Forensic means "for the courts". People can be identified by their fingerprints. This assertion is supported by the philosophy of friction ridge identification, which states that friction ridge identification is established through the agreement of friction ridge formations, in sequence, having sufficient uniqueness to individualize.
Spectroscopie infrarouge
thumb|Un spectromètre infrarouge. La spectroscopie infrarouge (parfois désignée comme spectroscopie IR) est une classe de spectroscopie qui traite de la région infrarouge du spectre électromagnétique. Elle recouvre une large gamme de techniques, la plus commune étant un type de spectroscopie d'absorption. Comme pour toutes les techniques de spectroscopie, elle peut être employée pour l'identification de composés ou pour déterminer la composition d'un échantillon.