HabituationEn psychologie, l'habituation constitue une forme d'apprentissage. Elle consiste en la diminution graduelle (et relativement prolongée) de l'intensité ou de la fréquence d'apparition d'une réponse à la suite de la présentation répétée ou prolongée du stimulus l'ayant déclenchée. L'habituation spécifique est l'accoutumance d'une région déterminée du corps à un stimulus répété, alors que l'habituation générale est l'accoutumance du corps entier à un stimulus répété.
AplysiaLe genre Aplysia, dont les espèces sont souvent appelées aplysie, et de manière plus générale lièvre de mer ou encore '''lièvre marin', se compose de mollusques gastéropodes à corps nu, répandus dans toutes les mers du globe. thumb|Aplysia dactylomela ; Principales pièces anatomiques externes (numérotées) 1. Tête et bouche 2. tentacule oral droit 3. tentacule oral gauche 4. "œil" gauche (petit point noir) 5. rhinophore droit (tentacule sensoriel céphalique) 6. rhinophore gauche 7. parapode droit 8.
Fonction (biologie)En biologie, la notion de fonction renvoie à plusieurs significations. En biologie moléculaire et en biochimie, la notion de fonction décrit le rôle biologique d'un composant de la cellule : protéine, gène, organite cellulaire En physiologie, une fonction est un processus ou ensemble d'actions coordonnées concourant au fonctionnement d'un organisme, accomplies par un ou plusieurs organes : la fonction respiratoire, la fonction circulatoire Une fonction physiologique peut être définie comme "l'ensemble des actes accomplis par une structure organique défini en vue d'un résultat déterminé".
Educational toyEducational toys (sometimes also called "instructive toys") are objects of play, generally designed for children, which are expected to stimulate learning. They are often intended to meet an educational purpose such as helping a child develop a particular skill or teaching a child about a particular subject. They often simplify, miniaturize, or even model activities and objects used by adults. Although children are constantly interacting with and learning about the world, many of the objects they interact with and learn from are not toys.
Instructional scaffoldingInstructional scaffolding is the support given to a student by an instructor throughout the learning process. This support is specifically tailored to each student; this instructional approach allows students to experience student-centered learning, which tends to facilitate more efficient learning than teacher-centered learning. This learning process promotes a deeper level of learning than many other common teaching strategies. Instructional scaffolding provides sufficient support to promote learning when concepts and skills are being first introduced to students.
Théorie de l'apprentissageLearning theory describes how students receive, process, and retain knowledge during learning. Cognitive, emotional, and environmental influences, as well as prior experience, all play a part in how understanding, or a worldview, is acquired or changed and knowledge and skills retained. Behaviorists look at learning as an aspect of conditioning and advocate a system of rewards and targets in education.
Immediate early geneImmediate early genes (IEGs) are genes which are activated transiently and rapidly in response to a wide variety of cellular stimuli. They represent a standing response mechanism that is activated at the transcription level in the first round of response to stimuli, before any new proteins are synthesized. IEGs are distinct from "late response" genes, which can only be activated later, following the synthesis of early response gene products. Thus IEGs have been called the "gateway to the genomic response".
Experiential learningExperiential learning (ExL) is the process of learning through experience, and is more narrowly defined as "learning through reflection on doing". Hands-on learning can be a form of experiential learning, but does not necessarily involve students reflecting on their product. Experiential learning is distinct from rote or didactic learning, in which the learner plays a comparatively passive role. It is related to, but not synonymous with, other forms of active learning such as action learning, adventure learning, free-choice learning, cooperative learning, service-learning, and situated learning.
