3D scanning3D scanner is the process of analyzing a real-world object or environment to collect three dimensional data of its shape and possibly its appearance (e.g. color). The collected data can then be used to construct digital 3D models. A 3D scanner can be based on many different technologies, each with its own limitations, advantages and costs. Many limitations in the kind of objects that can be digitised are still present. For example, optical technology may encounter many difficulties with dark, shiny, reflective or transparent objects.
Pupillary distancePupillary distance (PD), more correctly known as interpupillary distance (IPD) is the distance in millimeters between the centers of each pupil. Distance PD is the separation between the visual axes of the eyes in their primary position, as the subject fixates on an infinitely distant object. Near PD is the separation between the visual axes of the eyes, at the plane of the spectacle lenses, as the subject fixates on a near object at the intended working distance. Intermediate PD is at a specified plane in between distance and near.
Structure from motionvignette|Schéma simplifié du procédé. Le principe de Structure from motion (SfM, « Structure acquise à partir d'un mouvement ») est une technique d' photogrammétrique destinée à estimer la structure 3D de quelque chose à partir d'images 2D. Elle combine la vision par ordinateur et la vue humaine. En terme biologique, le SfM désigne le phénomène par lequel une personne (et autres créatures vivantes) peut estimer la structure 3D d'un objet ou d'une scène en mouvement à partir de son champ de vision 2D (rétinien).
Image rectificationImage rectification is a transformation process used to project images onto a common image plane. This process has several degrees of freedom and there are many strategies for transforming images to the common plane. Image rectification is used in computer stereo vision to simplify the problem of finding matching points between images (i.e. the correspondence problem), and in geographic information systems to merge images taken from multiple perspectives into a common map coordinate system.
ParallaxeLa parallaxe est l’impact d'un changement d'incidence d'observation, c'est-à-dire du changement de position de l'observateur, sur l'observation d'un objet. En d'autres termes, la parallaxe est l'effet du changement de position de l'observateur sur ce qu'il perçoit. Ce mot apparaît au , emprunté au grec , qui signifie « déplacement contigu ; parallaxe ». thumb|Ampèremètre analogique ; le miroir en arc de cercle est situé au milieu de l'échelle.
AmblyopieL’amblyopie est une différence d'acuité visuelle entre les yeux, qui ne peut pourtant pas être expliquée par une lésion organique. Ce trouble semble affecter 2 à 5 % de la population. L'amblyopie est un trouble cortical : la partie du cerveau traitant l'information venant d'un œil ne fonctionne pas de manière optimale. Repérer l'amblyopie au plus tôt chez les enfants permet un traitement plus efficace. Ce mot vient du grec ancien / amblús (« obtus ») et / ópsis (« vue »), « œil obtus » (Plenk, 1788).
Visiocasquethumb|Le casque de réalité virtuelle Oculus Rift. Un visiocasque est un dispositif d'affichage, porté sur la tête ou dans un casque, qui a un petit écran d'affichage en face d'un œil (visiocasque monoculaire) ou de chaque œil (visiocasque binoculaire). Le visiocasque est parfois appelé casque de visualisation, casque immersif, casque-écran ou casque HMD (où HMD signifie head-mounted display), voire simplement .
3D displayA 3D display is a display device capable of conveying depth to the viewer. Many 3D displays are stereoscopic displays, which produce a basic 3D effect by means of stereopsis, but can cause eye strain and visual fatigue. Newer 3D displays such as holographic and light field displays produce a more realistic 3D effect by combining stereopsis and accurate focal length for the displayed content. Newer 3D displays in this manner cause less visual fatigue than classical stereoscopic displays.
EsotropiaEsotropia is a form of strabismus in which one or both eyes turns inward. The condition can be constantly present, or occur intermittently, and can give the affected individual a "cross-eyed" appearance. It is the opposite of exotropia and usually involves more severe axis deviation than esophoria. Esotropia is sometimes erroneously called "lazy eye", which describes the condition of amblyopia; a reduction in vision of one or both eyes that is not the result of any pathology of the eye and cannot be resolved by the use of corrective lenses.
Vision therapyVision therapy (VT), or behavioral optometry, is an umbrella term for alternative medicine treatments using eye exercises, based around the scientific evidences that vision problems are the true underlying cause of learning difficulties, particularly in children. Vision therapy has not been shown to be effective according to modern evidence-based medicine. Most claimsfor example that the therapy can address neurological, educational, and spatial difficultieslack supporting evidence.
