Augustin Louis Cauchy

Résumé

Augustin Louis, baron Cauchy, né à Paris le et mort à Sceaux le , est un mathématicien français, membre de l’Académie des sciences et professeur à l’École polytechnique. Catholique fervent, il est le fondateur de nombreuses œuvres charitables, dont l’Œuvre des Écoles d’Orient. Royaliste légitimiste, il s’exile volontairement lors de l'avènement de Louis-Philippe, après les Trois Glorieuses. Ses positions politiques et religieuses lui valurent nombre d’oppositions. Avec près de 800 parutions et sept ouvrages, il est l'un des mathématiciens les plus prolifiques de l'histoire, derrière Leonhard Euler, Paul Erdős et Arthur Cayley. Ses recherches couvrent l’ensemble des domaines mathématiques de l’époque. On lui doit notamment en analyse l’introduction des fonctions holomorphes et des critères de convergence des suites et des séries entières. Ses travaux sur les permutations sont précurseurs de la théorie des groupes. En optique, on lui doit des travaux sur la propagation des ondes élect

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https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustin_Louis_Cauchy

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Ce cours présente une introduction aux méthodes d'approximation utilisées pour la simulation numérique en mécanique des fluides. Les concepts fondamentaux sont présentés dans le cadre de la méthode des différences finies puis étendus à celles des éléments finis et spectraux.

This course presents numerical methods for the solution of mathematical problems such as systems of linear and non-linear equations, functions approximation, integration and differentiation and differential equations.

Le cours étudie les concepts fondamentaux de l'analyse complexe et de l'analyse de Laplace en vue de leur utilisation pour résoudre des problèmes pluridisciplinaires d'ingénierie scientifique.

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Séances de cours associées (41)

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Cloaking property of a plasmonic structure in doubly complementary media and three-sphere inequalities with partial data

Hoài-Minh Nguyên

We investigate cloaking property of negative-index metamaterials in the time-harmonic electromagnetic setting for the so-called doubly complementary media. These are media consisting of negative-index metamaterials in a shell (plasmonic structure) and positive-index materials in its complement for which the shell is complementary to a part of the core and a part of the exterior of the core-shell structure. We show that an arbitrary object is invisible when it is placed close to a plasmonic structure of a doubly complementary medium as long as its cross section is smaller than a threshold given by the property of the plasmonic structure. To handle the loss of the compactness and of the ellipticity of the modeling Maxwell equations with sign-changing coefficients, we first obtain Cauchy's problems associated with two Maxwell systems using reflections. We then derive information from them, and combine it with the removing localized singularity technique to deal with the localized resonance. A central part of the analysis on the Cauchy's problems is to establish three-sphere inequalities with partial data for general elliptic systems, which are interesting in themselves. The proof of these inequalities first relies on an appropriate change of variables, inspired by conformal maps, and is then based on Carleman's estimates for a class of degenerate elliptic systems.

2020

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MATHICSE Technical Report : Bounds for the decay of the entries in inverses and Cauchy- Stieltjes functions of sparse, normal matrices

Marcel Schweitzer

It is known that in many functions of banded, and more generally, sparse Hermitian positive definite matrices, the entries exhibit a rapid decay away from the sparsity pattern. This is in particular true for the inverse, and based on results for the inverse, bounds for Cauchy–Stieltjes functions of Hermitian positive definite matrices have recently been obtained. We add to the known results by considering the more general case of normal matrices, for which fewer and typically less satisfactory results exist so far. Starting from a very general estimate based on approximation properties of Chebyshev polynomials on ellipses, we obtain as special cases insightful decay bounds for various classes of normal matrices, including (shifted) skew- Hermitian and Hermitian indefinite matrices. In addition, some of our results improve over known bounds when applied to the Hermitian positive definite case.

MATHICSE2017

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The Parrinello-Rahman algorithm for imposing a general state of stress in periodic molecular dynamics simulations is widely used in the literature and has been implemented in many readily available molecular dynamics codes. However, what is often overlooked is that this algorithm controls the second Piola-Kirchhoff stress as opposed to the true (Cauchy) stress. This can lead to misinterpretation of simulation results because (1) the true stress that is imposed during the simulation depends on the deformation of the periodic cell, (2) the true stress is potentially very different from the imposed second Piola-Kirchhoff stress, and (3) the true stress can vary significantly during the simulation even if the imposed second Piola-Kirchhoff is constant. We propose a simple modification to the algorithm that allows the true Cauchy stress to be controlled directly. We then demonstrate the efficacy of the new algorithm with the example of martensitic phase transformations under applied stress. Published by AIP Publishing.

American Institute of Physics2016

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