RefroidissementLe refroidissement décrit la transformation ou le processus de transformation d'un corps ou d'un système par déperdition thermique vers un état subjectif ou physique de froid. Par extension, il se dit figurément de la diminution dans l'amour, dans l'amitié, dans les passions, et de manière plus générale de la dégradation d'une situation (le refroidissement des relations bilatérales entre deux états et la guerre froide).
Thermal contactIn heat transfer and thermodynamics, a thermodynamic system is said to be in thermal contact with another system if it can exchange energy through the process of heat. Perfect thermal isolation is an idealization as real systems are always in thermal contact with their environment to some extent. When two solid bodies are in contact, a resistance to heat transfer exists between the bodies. The study of heat conduction between such bodies is called thermal contact conductance (or thermal contact resistance).
Nucleate boilingIn fluid thermodynamics, nucleate boiling is a type of boiling that takes place when the surface temperature is hotter than the saturated fluid temperature by a certain amount but where the heat flux is below the critical heat flux. For water, as shown in the graph below, nucleate boiling occurs when the surface temperature is higher than the saturation temperature (TS) by between . The critical heat flux is the peak on the curve between nucleate boiling and transition boiling.
Thermal fluidsThermofluids is a branch of science and engineering encompassing four intersecting fields: Heat transfer Thermodynamics Fluid mechanics Combustion The term is a combination of "thermo", referring to heat, and "fluids", which refers to liquids, gases and vapors. Temperature, pressure, equations of state, and transport laws all play an important role in thermofluid problems. Phase transition and chemical reactions may also be important in a thermofluid context. The subject is sometimes also referred to as "thermal fluids".
Condenseur (séparation)Un condenseur est un appareil dont la fonction principale est de liquéfier (ou condenser) de la vapeur, c'est-à-dire la faire passer d'un gaz à un liquide, au moyen d'une surface froide ou d'un échangeur thermique, maintenu froid par la circulation d'un fluide réfrigérant. La chaleur latente du corps est transférée dans le fluide réfrigérant, ce qui consiste en un changement de phase à température constante. Le fluide réfrigérant est choisi en fonction du débit de gaz ou de vapeur à condenser et de sa température de condensation, par exemple l'air, l'eau ou une saumure.
Thermal engineeringThermal engineering is a specialized sub-discipline of mechanical engineering that deals with the movement of heat energy and transfer. The energy can be transferred between two mediums or transformed into other forms of energy. A thermal engineer will have knowledge of thermodynamics and the process to convert generated energy from thermal sources into chemical, mechanical, or electrical energy. Many process plants use a wide variety of machines that utilize components that use heat transfer in some way.
Géoingénierie solairevignette|Proposition de gestion des radiations solaires par diffusion de sulfate sous forme d'aérosol dans la stratosphère. vignette|Injection de particules stratosphériques par dirigeable. La géoingénierie solaire ou gestion du rayonnement solaire, est un type de géoingénierie, très hypothétique et contestée, dans lequel le rayonnement solaire est réfléchi dans l'espace pour limiter le réchauffement climatique. La méthode la plus discutée est la diffusion dans la stratosphère d'aérosols qui refléterait les rayons du soleil directement vers l’espace et l'éclaircissement des nuages marins.
Thermal management (electronics)All electronic devices and circuitry generate excess heat and thus require thermal management to improve reliability and prevent premature failure. The amount of heat output is equal to the power input, if there are no other energy interactions. There are several techniques for cooling including various styles of heat sinks, thermoelectric coolers, forced air systems and fans, heat pipes, and others. In cases of extreme low environmental temperatures, it may actually be necessary to heat the electronic components to achieve satisfactory operation.
Thermal reservoirA thermal reservoir, also thermal energy reservoir or thermal bath, is a thermodynamic system with a heat capacity so large that the temperature of the reservoir changes relatively little when a much more significant amount of heat is added or extracted. As a conceptual simplification, it effectively functions as an infinite pool of thermal energy at a given, constant temperature. Since it can act as an inertial source and sink of heat, it is often also referred to as a heat reservoir or heat bath.
Thermal contact conductanceIn physics, thermal contact conductance is the study of heat conduction between solid or liquid bodies in thermal contact. The thermal contact conductance coefficient, , is a property indicating the thermal conductivity, or ability to conduct heat, between two bodies in contact. The inverse of this property is termed thermal contact resistance. When two solid bodies come in contact, such as A and B in Figure 1, heat flows from the hotter body to the colder body.
