Mercure (chimie)

Résumé

Le mercure est l'élément chimique de numéro atomique 80, de symbole Hg. Le corps simple mercure est un métal, liquide et peu visqueux dans les conditions normales de température et de pression. On l'a appelé vif-argent jusqu'au début du . Le mercure (métallique) a longtemps été utilisé dans divers médicaments, dans les thermomètres et les batteries, avant d'être interdit (en France en 1999) car trop toxique. En 2021, il serait encore dans le monde la cause de de déficience intellectuelle par an, principalement via l'ingestion de produits de la mer. Généralités Le mercure est un élément du groupe 12 et de la période 6. Stricto sensu, c'est un métal pauvre, qui ne répond pas à la définition des éléments de transition par l'Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée (IUPAC) ; en pratique cependant, il est très souvent assimilé aux métaux de transition dans les manuels et de très nombreux ouvrages. Le groupe 12 est également appelé « groupe d

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Arctic mercury (Hg) concentrations respond to changes in anthropogenic Hg emissions and environmental change. This manuscript, prepared for the 2021 Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme Mercury Assessment, explores the response of Arctic Ocean Hg concentrations to changing primary Hg emissions and to changing sea-ice cover, river inputs, and net primary production. To do this, we conduct a model analysis using a 2015 Hg inventory and future anthropogenic Hg emission scenarios. We model future atmospheric Hg deposition to the surface ocean as a flux to the surface water or sea ice using three scenarios: No Action, New Policy (NP), and Maximum Feasible Reduction (MFR). We then force a five-compartment box model of Hg cycling in the Arctic Ocean with these scenarios and literature-derived climate variables to simulate environmental change. No Action results in a 51% higher Hg deposition rate by 2050 while increasing Hg concentrations in the surface water by 22% and

2022

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During Arctic springtime, halogen radicals oxidize atmospheric elemental mercury (Hg0), which deposits to the cryosphere. This is followed by a summertime atmospheric Hg0 peak that is thought to resultmostly fromterrestrial Hg inputs to the ArcticOcean, followed by photoreduction and emission to air. The large terrestrial Hg contribution to the Arctic Ocean and global atmosphere has raised concern over the potential release of permafrost Hg, via rivers and coastal erosion,with Arctic warming. Here we investigateHg isotope variability of Arctic atmospheric,marine, and terrestrial Hg.We observe highly characteristic Hg isotope signatures during the summertime peak that reflect re-emission of Hg deposited to the cryosphere during spring. Air mass back trajectories support a cryospheric Hg emission source but nomajor terrestrial source. This implies that terrestrial Hg inputs to theArcticOcean remain in the marine ecosystem, without substantial loss to the global atmosphere, but with possible effects on food webs.

2022

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Pacific Ocean tuna is among the most-consumed seafood products but contains relatively high levels of the neurotoxin methylmercury. Limited observations suggest tuna mercury levels vary in space and time, yet the drivers are not well understood. Here, we map mercury concentrations in skipjack tuna across the Pacific Ocean and build generalized additive models to quantify the anthropogenic, ecological, and biogeochemical drivers. Skipjack mercury levels display a fivefold spatial gradient, with maximum concentrations in the northwest near Asia, intermediate values in the east, and the lowest levels in the west, southwest, and central Pacific. Large spatial differences can be explained by the depth of the seawater methylmercury peak near low-oxygen zones, leading to enhanced tuna mercury concentrations in regions where oxygen depletion is shallow. Despite this natural biogeochemical control, the mercury hotspot in tuna caught near Asia is explained by elevated atmospheric mercury concentrations and/or mercury river inputs to the coastal shelf. While we cannot ignore the legacy mercury contribution from other regions to the Pacific Ocean (e.g., North America and Europe), our results suggest that recent anthropogenic mercury release, which is currently largest in Asia, contributes directly to present-day human mercury exposure.

National Academy of Sciences2022

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