UnixUnix, officiellement UNIX, est une famille de systèmes d'exploitation multitâche et multi-utilisateur dérivé du Unix d'origine créé par AT&T, le développement de ce dernier ayant commencé dans les années 1970 au centre de recherche de Bell Labs mené par Kenneth Thompson. Il repose sur un interpréteur ou superviseur (le shell) et de nombreux petits utilitaires, accomplissant chacun une action spécifique, commutables entre eux (mécanisme de « redirection ») et appelés depuis la ligne de commande.
RSTSRSTS (Resource System Time Sharing) est un système d'exploitation propriétaire réalisé par Digital Equipment Corporation au début des années 1970 pour les machines de la série PDP-11. Larry Wall, le concepteur du langage de programmation Perl, a commencé sa carrière de programmeur sous RSTS. Il existe deux versions du système RSTS : le RSTS-11 et le RSTS/E. L'appellation RSTS-11 est un sigle pour désigner le système d'exploitation RSTS pour les machines PDP-11.
MicroVAXThe MicroVAX is a discontinued family of low-cost minicomputers developed and manufactured by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). The first model, the MicroVAX I, was introduced in 1983. They used processors that implemented the VAX instruction set architecture (ISA) and were succeeded by the VAX 4000. Many members of the MicroVAX family had corresponding VAXstation variants, which primarily differ by the addition of graphics hardware. The MicroVAX family supports Digital's VMS and ULTRIX operating systems.
Unix warsThe Unix wars were struggles between vendors to set a standard for the Unix operating system in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Although AT&T Corporation created Unix, by the 1980s, the University of California, Berkeley Computer Systems Research Group was the leading non-commercial Unix developer. In the mid-1980s, the three common versions of Unix were AT&T's System III, the basis of Microsoft's Xenix and the IBM-endorsed PC/IX, among others; AT&T's System V, which it sought to establish as the new Unix standard; and the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD).
Monolithic kernelA monolithic kernel is an operating system architecture where the entire operating system is working in kernel space. The monolithic model differs from other operating system architectures (such as the microkernel architecture) in that it alone defines a high-level virtual interface over computer hardware. A set of primitives or system calls implement all operating system services such as process management, concurrency, and memory management. Device drivers can be added to the kernel as modules.
VAXthumb|Logo du Digital VAX 11. La famille d'ordinateurs VAX-11 (ou simplement VAX) conçue au sein de la société Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) par Gordon Bell, Bill Demmer, Richie Lary, Steve Rothman et Bill Strecker à partir de 1975 connut un très grand succès. Cette gamme se positionnait comme les successeurs des PDP-11 dont les premiers modèles gardent un mode compatible. D'ailleurs le nom VAX signifie Virtual Address eXtension (Extension de l'adressage virtuel), faisant référence au faible espace d'adressage mémoire disponible sur le PDP-11 ( de base).
ULTRIXULTRIX (également écrit Ultrix, sans les majuscules) était un système d'exploitation de type Unix possédé par Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). Il est basé sur BSD4.2 avec des apports provenant de System V. Le développement initial d'Unix se fit sur des ordinateurs produits par DEC, notamment le PDP-7 et le PDP-11. Leurs successeurs, les VAX, furent également populaires par la suite : le premier portage d'Unix pour cette architecture fut terminé en 1978, soit un an seulement après sa commercialisation, en .
SunOSSunOS is a Unix-branded operating system developed by Sun Microsystems for their workstation and server computer systems. The SunOS name is usually only used to refer to versions 1.0 to 4.1.4, which were based on BSD, while versions 5.0 and later are based on UNIX System V Release 4 and are marketed under the brand name Solaris. SunOS 1 only supported the Sun-2 series systems, including Sun-1 systems upgraded with Sun-2 (68010) CPU boards. SunOS 2 supported Sun-2 and Sun-3 (68020) series systems.
Comparison of BSD operating systemsThere are a number of Unix-like operating systems based on or descended from the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) series of Unix variant options. The three most notable descendants in current use are FreeBSD, OpenBSD, and NetBSD, which are all derived from 386BSD and 4.4BSD-Lite, by various routes. Both NetBSD and FreeBSD started life in 1993, initially derived from 386BSD, but in 1994 migrating to a 4.4BSD-Lite code base. OpenBSD was forked from NetBSD in 1995. Other notable derivatives include DragonFly BSD, which was forked from FreeBSD 4.
Source-available softwareSource-available software is software released through a source code distribution model that includes arrangements where the source can be viewed, and in some cases modified, but without necessarily meeting the criteria to be called open-source. The licenses associated with the offerings range from allowing code to be viewed for reference to allowing code to be modified and redistributed for both commercial and non-commercial purposes.
