Oligonucléotide

Résumé

Les oligonucléotides sont de courts segments de chaines d'acides nucléiques (ARN ou ADN) de quelques dizaines de nucléotides. Ils sont en général obtenus par synthèse chimique, sous forme de simple brin (modifié ou non modifié) se composant de groupes fonctionnels choisis pour leur intérêt. Les oligonucléotides contiennent donc cinq paires de bases, dont deux sont des dérivés de purine (adénine et guanine) et les autres sont des dérivés de pyrimidine (cytosine, thymine et uracile) ; leur longueur est habituellement notée par le suffixe (du grec ancien / méros, ) précédé du nombre de résidus nucléotidiques. Par exemple, un oligonucléotide de 13 nucléotides est . Synthèse des oligonucléotides La synthèse d'oligonucléotide est une technique, très utilisée dans les laboratoires qui permet d'obtenir un accès inédit ou peu couteux à des oligonucléotides avec la séquence de nucléotides désirée. La technique a pour point de départ un support solide sur lequel est greffé le p

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligonucl%C3%A9otide

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2002

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SV40 activates transcription from the transferrin receptor promoter by inducing a factor which binds to the CRE/AP-1 recognition sequence

Peter Martin Beard, Nicole Paduwat

During the course of lytic infection by simian virus 40 (SV40), expression of both the viral late genes and certain host cellular genes is induced. The promoter of the cellular transferrin receptor (TR) gene contains a DNA sequence which is similar to the AP-1- and AP-4-binding region in SV40 which has been implicated in the control of the viral late promoter. Expression of TR is needed for cells to enter S-phase and is therefore expected to be important for the SV40 lytic cycle. Here we show that the level of TR mRNA in vivo was increased by SV40 infection. A factor which activates transcription from the TR promoter in vitro was specifically induced in SV40-infected cells. Gel mobility shift assays with an oligonucleotide comprising this part of the TR promoter showed three nucleoprotein complexes to be formed with proteins from CV-1 cells. Following SV40 infection, one of the complexes was increased ten-fold. Formation of this complex was specifically reduced by competition with the phorbol ester-responsive element of the collagenase gene, implying that the factor is a member of the AP-1/Jun/Fos family. Cross-linking of the complex by ultraviolet light showed major DNA-binding components to be proteins of about 55 kD and 47 kD. Removal of this factor by adding the oligonucleotide to in vitro transcription reactions with the TR promoter, abolished the activation of TR transcription. The factor which binds to the TR promoter co-sedimented with SV40 chromosomes extracted late in infection. This suggests that similar transcriptional regulatory proteins are involved in controlling transcription from both the SV40 and the TR promoters, and that the virus can use a common mechanism to induce viral and host cellular transcription.

1991

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Different chemical methods used to attach oligonucleotides by their 5'-end on a glass surface were tested in the framework of solid phase PCR where surface-bound instead of freely-diffusing primers are used to amplify DNA. Each method was first evaluated for its capacity to provide a high surface coverage of oligonucleotides essentially attached via a 5'-specific linkage that satisfyingly withstands PCR conditions and leaves the 3'-ends available for DNA polymerase activity. The best results were obtained with 5'-thiol-modified oligonucleotides attached to amino-silanised glass slides using a heterobifunctional cross-linker reagent. It was then demonstrated that the primers bound to the glass surface using the optimal chemistry can be involved in attaching and amplifying DNA molecules present in the reaction mix in the absence of freely-diffusing primers. Two distinct amplification processes called interfacial and surface amplification have been observed and characterised. The newly synthesised DNA can be detected and quantified by radioactive and fluorescent hybridisation assays. These new surface amplification processes are seen as an interesting approach for attachment of DNA molecules by their 5'-end on a solid support and can be used as an alternative route for producing DNA chips for genomic studies.

Oxford University Press2000

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