Pollution de l'airvignette|En 2013, l'Organisation mondiale de la santé a reconnu que la pollution de l'air extérieur est un cancérigène certain. vignette|Les émissions de monoxyde de carbone, de soufre, de suies et de particules liées à la combustion du charbon ont probablement été la première source de pollution majeure de l'air, dès le début de l'ère industrielle. Les transports ferroviaires y contribuaient largement, davantage par la construction des infrastructures (notamment la fabrication des rails) que du fait des émanations des locomotives.
DésulfurationLa désulfuration est un procédé chimique servant à la réduction des dioxydes de soufre (SO2). Le dioxyde de soufre provient le plus souvent dans l’industrie de la combustion de combustibles fossiles tels que le charbon (taux de soufre entre 0,2 % et 4 %). La désulfuration concerne aussi la réduction en amont de la teneur en soufre des combustibles fossiles ou renouvelables comme le biogaz, sous forme d'hydrogène sulfuré.
Flue gasFlue gas is the gas exiting to the atmosphere via a flue, which is a pipe or channel for conveying exhaust gases from a fireplace, oven, furnace, boiler or steam generator. Quite often, the flue gas refers to the combustion exhaust gas produced at power plants. Its composition depends on what is being burned, but it will usually consist of mostly nitrogen (typically more than two-thirds) derived from the combustion of air, carbon dioxide (), and water vapor as well as excess oxygen (also derived from the combustion air).
Réduction catalytique sélectiveLa réduction catalytique sélective (RCS) (en anglais selective catalytic reduction (SCR)), est une technique utilisée pour réduire les oxydes d'azote (NO) émis soit par des moteurs à combustion interne, soit par des installations industrielles de combustion : gaz, charbon et pétrole. Cette technologie est également utilisée pour réduire les émissions de NO de chaufferies biomasse ou d'incinérateurs de déchets non dangereux.
Venturi scrubberA venturi scrubber is designed to effectively use the energy from a high-velocity inlet gas stream to atomize the liquid being used to scrub the gas stream. This type of technology is a part of the group of air pollution controls collectively referred to as wet scrubbers. Venturis can be used to collect both particulate and gaseous pollutants, but although the liquid surface area provided is quite large they are more effective in removing particles since particles can be trapped by contact, but gases must be trapped by absorption during the relatively short exposure time.
Wet scrubberThe term wet scrubber describes a variety of devices that remove pollutants from a furnace flue gas or from other gas streams. In a wet scrubber, the polluted gas stream is brought into contact with the scrubbing liquid, by spraying it with the liquid, by forcing it through a pool of liquid, or by some other contact method, so as to remove the pollutants. Particle collection in wet scrubbers The design of wet scrubbers or any air pollution control device depends on the industrial process conditions and the nature of the air pollutants involved.
Fossil fuel power stationA fossil fuel power station is a thermal power station which burns a fossil fuel, such as coal or natural gas, to produce electricity. Fossil fuel power stations have machinery to convert the heat energy of combustion into mechanical energy, which then operates an electrical generator. The prime mover may be a steam turbine, a gas turbine or, in small plants, a reciprocating gas engine. All plants use the energy extracted from the expansion of a hot gas, either steam or combustion gases.
