Affiche | EPFL Graph Search

Une affiche est un support de publicité ou de propagande destiné à être vu dans la rue et plus généralement dans les espaces publics. Imprimée sur papier, du tissu ou des supports synthétiques, elle adopte des dimensions variables, pouvant aller jusqu'à plusieurs mètres. Jean-Alexis Rouchon est considéré comme le premier fabricant d'affiches en couleurs. Son activité disparaît un peu après 1870. L'affiche gagne ses lettres de noblesse à la fin du avec des illustrateurs comme Jules Chéret ou Alphonse Mucha et des peintres comme Toulouse-Lautrec, qui ne dédaignent plus y avoir recours comme moyen d'expression. Affichistes Histoire de l'affiche vignette|Henri Privat-Livemont : affiche pour la marque d'absinthe Robette (1896). vignette|Weimer Pursell : affiche de l'exposition universelle de 1933 à Chicago. Principe de l'affichage Le principe de l'affichage remonte à l'apparition des premières grandes agglomérations. Alain Weill cite les notices publiques qui ann

Globalizing the digital: A cross-cultural framework for the ethics of operationalizing Big Data

Shin Alexandre Koseki

Concerns over the ever-increasing production, availability and use of multilayered individual data in social research, business and the everyday life calls for the development of ethical and legal guidelines. In parallel to civic and governmental initiatives, Critical Data Studies offers a transdisciplinary academic platform to define a common ethical framework for computational research. Essays recently published under this label argue for lines of conduct guided by principles such as fairness and justice. Cultural and evolutionary anthropology, as well as political psychology show, however, those principles are mostly common to Northern liberal cultures. For example, Moral Foundation Theory identifies five cross-cultural grounds to ethical reasoning—Fairness, Care, Authority, In-group and Purity—the first two being associated with progressive views, and the three others with traditionalist views. In the current development of Critical Data Studies, the framing of research ethics by fairness and justice therefore risks to maintain, if not increase, the hegemony of Northern researchers on scientific productivity in Big Data research. In this poster, I present a novel framing of Big Data ethics, one that considers the cross-cultural diversity of human morality. My objective is to lay out a shared ground to an urging global approach to knowledge production. First, I review existing ethical framework of Big Data research and classify each proposal according to the Moral Foundation Theory. Second, I identify commonalities and gaps of proposed framework and articulate possible extension of each framework using the missing moral foundations as guiding principles. Finally, I propose a synthetic framework of Big Data ethics. The poster highlights the unbalance of ethical considerations in Big Data research, and in scientific production in general. The proposed framework points at ethical stances that could become major concerns in future research using Big Data for social research: Political or economic definition of scientific objectives, applications and limitations (authority); Exclusion of individuals, groups and communities in the production, publication and application of research findings (in-group); Constrains on inter- and transdisciplinary collaborations, research topics, methods of analysis, epistemic positioning and ontological grounds (purity).

2018

Artistic screening

Roger Hersch

Artistic screening is a new image reproduction technique incorporating freely created artistic screen elements for generating halftones. Fixed predefined dot contours associated with given intensity levels determine the screen dot shape's growing behavior. Screen dot contours associated with each intensity level are obtained by interpolation between the fixed predefined dot contours. A user-defined mapping transforms screen elements from screen element definition space to screen element rendition space. This mapping can be tuned to produce various effects such as dilatations, contractions and nonlinear deformations of the screen element grid. Discrete screen elements associated with all desired intensity levels are obtained by rasterizing the interpolated screen dot shapes in the screen element rendition space. Since both the image to be reproduced and the screen shapes can be designed independently, the design freedom offered to artists is very great. The interaction between the image to be produced and the screen shapes enables the creation of graphic designs of high artistic quality. Artistic screening is particularly well suited for the reproduction of images on large posters. When looked at from a short distance, the poster's screening layer may deliver its own message. Furthermore, thanks to artistic screening, both full-size and microscopic letters can be incorporated into the image reproduction process. In order to avoid counterfeiting, banknotes may comprise grayscale images with intensity levels produced by microletters of varying size and shape

ACM1995

Globalizing the digital: A cross-cultural framework for the ethics of operationalizing Big Data

Shin Alexandre Koseki

2018