Flexible Image Transport System

Résumé

FITS ou Flexible Image Transport System est le format de fichiers le plus communément utilisé en astronomie. Il sert au stockage, à la transmission et au traitement des images scientifiques et également d'autres disciplines. Le format de fichiers FITS sert à une grande variété des données non picturales, telles que les spectres électromagnétiques, les listes de photons, des , et bien d'autres choses encore. Un fichier FITS peut contenir plusieurs extensions, et chacune de celles-ci peut contenir des données. Par exemple, il est possible de sauvegarder dans le même fichier FITS des images à la fois dans le domaine des rayons X et dans celui de l'infrarouge. À la différence de beaucoup de formats d'image, le format FITS est conçu spécifiquement pour des données scientifiques et par conséquent inclut beaucoup de dispositifs pour décrire l'information photométrique et spatiale de calibrage, ainsi que les métadonnées de l'origine de l'image. Un dispositif important du format FITS est que

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexible_Image_Transport_System

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Le Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) est un ensemble de formats de fichiers permettant de sauvegarder et de structurer des fichiers contenant de très grandes quantités de données. Un fichier HDF est un

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System for generating computer processor

A method and apparatus to produce a net list of gates and Flip-Flops for one algorithm in order to find the best compromise between power consumption, speed and silicon surface by using a two step process. First the algorithm is written for a processor that has no restrictions in terms of number and size of register, core, operations set, memory handler and instructions. The program assembly of this processor fits into a two-dimensional table. To increase speed, the tables are configured to place the program operation in as many columns as possible, and to reduce silicon the tables are configured to place operations in a single column with many rows. The second stage consists of converting this virtual processor with its program tables into an HDL file ready for synthesis.

2010

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OLTP in Wonderland -- Where do cache misses come from in major OLTP components?

Anastasia Ailamaki, Pinar Tözün

For several decades, online transaction processing has been one of the main applications that drives innovations in the data management ecosystem, and in turn the database and computer architecture communities. Despite the novel approaches from industry and various research proposals from academia, recent studies emphasize that OLTP workloads still cannot exploit the full capability of modern processors. To better integrate OLTP and hardware in future systems, we perform a detailed analysis of instruction and data misses, the main causes of memory stalls. We demonstrate which operations and components of a typical storage manager cause the majority of different types of misses in each level of the memory hierarchy on a configuration that closely represents modern commodity hardware. We also observe the impact of data working set size on these misses. According to our experimental results, L1 instruction misses are an extensive cause of the overall stall time for OLTP even for data working set sizes as large as 100GB as long as the data fits in memory. Capacity misses coming from the index probe operation are the dominant cause of the instruction and data stalls when running typical OLTP workloads. During index probe (one of the most common operations in OLTP), the B-tree, lock, and buffer management components of a storage manager are responsible for more than half of the total misses.

ACM2013

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Active Site-Induced Evolutionary Constraints Follow Fold Polarity Principles in Soluble Globular Enzymes

Luciano Andres Abriata, Matteo Dal Peraro, Alexander Mayorov

A recent analysis of evolutionary rates in >500 globular soluble enzymes revealed pervasive conservation gradients toward catalytic residues. By looking at amino acid preference profiles rather than evolutionary rates in the same data set, we quantified the effects of active sites on site-specific constraints for physicochemical traits. We found that conservation gradients respond to constraints for polarity, hydrophobicity, flexibility, rigidity and structure in ways consistent with fold polarity principles; while sites far from active sites seem to experience no physicochemical constraint, rather being highly variable and favoring amino acids of low metabolic cost. Globally, our results highlight that amino acid variation contains finer information about protein structure than usually regarded in evolutionary models, and that this information is retrievable automatically with simple fits. We propose that analyses of the kind presented here incorporated into models of protein evolution should allow for better description of the physical chemistry that underlies molecular evolution.

OXFORD UNIV PRESS2019

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