Concept
Cannabinoïde
Concepts associés (42)
Glutamate (neurotransmitter)
In neuroscience, glutamate is the dianion (divalent anion) of glutamic acid in its role as a neurotransmitter (a chemical that nerve cells use to send signals to other cells). It is by a wide margin the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate nervous system. It is used by every major excitatory function in the vertebrate brain, accounting in total for well over 90% of the synaptic connections in the human brain. It also serves as the primary neurotransmitter for some localized brain regions, such as cerebellum granule cells.
Dénomination commune internationale
La dénomination commune internationale (DCI) d'une substance active pharmacologique est un nom non commercial (c'est-à-dire distinct de tout nom de produit commercial) défini par l'Organisation mondiale de la santé, conçu pour être utilisable sans ambiguïté dans un grand nombre de langues. Le système des DCI existe depuis 1953 (il avait été précédé par une première tentative réunissant les États-Unis, le Royaume-uni, les pays nordiques et la France en 1945).
Hydrolase des amides d'acides gras
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 1 or FAAH-1(, oleamide hydrolase, anandamide amidohydrolase) is a member of the serine hydrolase family of enzymes. It was first shown to break down anandamide (AEA), an N-acylethanolamine (NAE) in 1993. In humans, it is encoded by the gene FAAH. FAAH also regulate the contents of NAE's in Dictyostelium discoideum, as they modulate their NAE levels in vivo through the use of a semispecific FAAH inhibitor.
Lipoxin
A lipoxin (LX or Lx), an acronym for lipoxygenase interaction product, is a bioactive autacoid metabolite of arachidonic acid made by various cell types. They are categorized as nonclassic eicosanoids and members of the specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) family of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolites. Like other SPMs, LXs form during, and then act to resolve, inflammatory responses. Initially, two lipoxins were identified, lipoxin A4 (LXA4) and LXB4, but more recent studies have identified epimers of these two LXs: the epi-lipoxins, 15-epi-LXA4 and 15-epi-LXB4 respectively.
Neurobiological effects of physical exercise
The neurobiological effects of physical exercise are numerous and involve a wide range of interrelated effects on brain structure, brain function, and cognition. A large body of research in humans has demonstrated that consistent aerobic exercise (e.g., 30 minutes every day) induces persistent improvements in certain cognitive functions, healthy alterations in gene expression in the brain, and beneficial forms of neuroplasticity and behavioral plasticity; some of these long-term effects include: increased neuron growth, increased neurological activity (e.
Trichome (botanique)
thumb|Bourgeon et tige d’un Stylidium sp, montrant des trichomes qui peuvent attraper et tuer des insectes. Les trichomes (du grec τρίχωμα - trikhoma qui signifie « croissance de poil ») sont de fines excroissances ou appendices chez les plantes (sur les racines, tiges et/ou feuilles) et chez certains eucaryotes unicellulaires. On peut citer comme exemple les poils, les poils glandulaires et notamment urticants ou encore des poils qui ont évolué en écailles protectrices.
Cancer and nausea
Cancer and nausea are associated in about fifty percent of people affected by cancer. This may be as a result of the cancer itself, or as an effect of the treatment such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or other medication such as opiates used for pain relief. About 70 to 80% of people undergoing chemotherapy experience nausea or vomiting. Nausea and vomiting may also occur in people not receiving treatment, often as a result of the disease involving the gastrointestinal tract, electrolyte imbalance, or as a result of anxiety.
Mechanism of action
In pharmacology, the term mechanism of action (MOA) refers to the specific biochemical interaction through which a drug substance produces its pharmacological effect. A mechanism of action usually includes mention of the specific molecular targets to which the drug binds, such as an enzyme or receptor. Receptor sites have specific affinities for drugs based on the chemical structure of the drug, as well as the specific action that occurs there.
Caryophyllène
Le caryophyllène, parfois appelé β-caryophyllène (BCP) pour le distinguer de l'humulène, un isomère jadis appelé , est un sesquiterpène naturel bicyclique composé d'un macrocycle à neuf atomes de carbone fusionné avec un noyau cyclobutane, ce qui est exceptionnel pour un composé naturel. C'est un constituant de nombreuses huiles essentielles, notamment l'huile produite par le giroflier, le chanvre cultivé, le romarin, le houblon et le papeda de Mélanésie (Citrus macroptera).
Allodynie
L'allodynie est une douleur déclenchée par un stimulus qui est normalement indolore. Par exemple, un léger effleurement de la peau ou une faible sensation de chaud ou froid peuvent alors être douloureux. Il existe différents types d'allodynie : l'allodynie mécanique (aussi connue comme l'allodynie tactile) : soit une allodynie mécanique statique : la douleur en réponse au toucher léger / pression, soit une allodynie mécanique dynamique : la douleur en réponse à une caresse légère ; l'allodynie thermique (chaud ou froid) ; l'allodynie liée aux mouvements : la douleur est déclenchée par un mouvement normal des articulations ou les muscles.