Spherical aberration

Résumé

In optics, spherical aberration (SA) is a type of aberration found in optical systems that have elements with spherical surfaces. Lenses and curved mirrors are prime examples, because this shape is easier to manufacture. Light rays that strike a spherical surface off-centre are refracted or reflected more or less than those that strike close to the centre. This deviation reduces the quality of images produced by optical systems. The effect of spherical aberration was first identified by Ibn al-Haytham who discussed it in his work Kitāb al-Manāẓir. Overview A spherical lens has an aplanatic point (i.e., no spherical aberration) only at a radius that equals the radius of the sphere divided by the index of refraction of the lens material. A typical value of refractive index for crown glass is 1.5 (see list), which indicates that only about 43% of the area (67% of diameter) of a spherical lens is useful. It is often considered to be an imperfection of telescopes and other i

Source officielle

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_aberration

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Spherical birational sheets in reductive groups

Filippo Ambrosio

We classify the spherical birational sheets in a complex simple simply-connected algebraic group. We use the classification to show that, when G is a connected reductive complex algebraic group with simply-connected derived subgroup, two conjugacy classes O-1, O-2 of G, with O-1 spherical, lie in the same birational sheet, up to a shift by a central element of G, if and only if the coordinate rings of O-1 and O-2 are isomorphic as G-modules. As a consequence, we prove a conjecture of Losev for the spherical subvariety of the Lie algebra of G. (C) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE2021

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Exotic droplets formed in microfluidic chips with uniform wettability

Martinus Gijs, Virendra Kumar Parashar, Cédric Razaname, Josias Basil Wacker

Microdroplets are widely used in industrial processes. In the absence of external forces, droplets generally assume a spherical shape. Here, we present two methods to form non-spherical droplets in microfluidic glass chips. A uniformly hydrophobized chip has been successfully used to dynamically control the width and length of elongated water-in-oil droplets; on a hydrophilic chip, we generated non-spherical double droplets that consisted of two different oils in a water continuous phase.

Elsevier2011

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A broad class of imaging modalities involve the resolution of an inverse-scattering problem. Among them, three-dimensional optical diffraction tomography (ODT) comes with its own challenges. These include a limited range of views, a large size of the sample with respect to the illumination wavelength, and optical aberrations that are inherent to the system itself. In this work, we present an accurate and efficient implementation of the forward model. It relies on the exact (nonlinear) Lippmann-Schwinger equation. We address several crucial issues such as the discretization of the Green function, the computation of the far field, and the estimation of the incident field. We then deploy this model in a regularized variational-reconstruction framework and show on both simulated and real data that it leads to substantially better reconstructions than the approximate models that are traditionally used in ODT.

2020

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