Sciences participatives

thumb|250px|Une arche naturelle effondrée dans le Twelve Apostles National Maritime Park, Australie. thumb|150px|Support d'appareil photo pour suivre l'effondrement de l'arcade insulaire. Le panneau propose au visiteur de poser son appareil photo sur le support, prendre une photo de l'arcade insulaire et l'envoyer par email au comité de gestion du parc afin qu'il puisse suivre au fil du temps la vitesse d'effondrement de la structure rocheuse. Les sciences participatives, parfois appelées sciences citoyennes ou sciences collaboratives, sont . Elles se sont notamment développées dans le domaine des sciences naturelles, où, dans le fil des sociétés savantes des siècles passés, une grande partie du travail se faisait sur le terrain sans nécessiter de moyens coûteux ni de laboratoire. Des non-professionnels contribuaient aux avancées en matière de connaissance et d'inventaires. Avec l'amélioration des technologies, les sciences participatives ont peu à peu investi d'autres domaines comme

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Characterizing Swiss Alpine Lakes: from Wikipedia to Citizen Science

Yuanhui Lin

In Switzerland, there are more than 1500 lakes located above 2000 meters of altitude. In order to understand the ecological impacts of climate change on bacteria communities in these high mountain lakes, researchers in project 2000Lakes analyze their chemistry and biology. Within the scope of this citizen science project, an educational platform has been created using the data mainly collected from Wikipedia and from the research results. By presenting Swiss alpine lakes and the 2000Lakes project in an interactive way, the goal of this platform is to raise interest and promote awareness about Swiss alpine lakes to the public, and ultimately, to conserve these ecosystems by joining forces with local citizens. Volunteers are invited to answer a survey that contains a list of questions regarding Swiss alpine lakes, whose answer can be found on the platform, and a list of usability questions, to which volunteers answer based on their own interact experience with the platform. The results of this survey are used to evaluate the effectiveness of this platform. Even though the general feedback is positive, some possible improvements are identified and hoped to be implemented in the future.

2022

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"Citizen Science"? Rethinking Science and Public Participation

Jérôme Baudry

Since the late twentieth century, “citizen science” has become an increasingly fashionable label for a growing number of participatory research activities. This paper situates the origins and rise of the term “citizen science” and offers a new framework to better understand the diversity of epistemic practices involved in these participatory projects. It contextualizes “citizen science” within the broader history of public participation in science and analyzes critically the current promises—democratization, education, discoveries—emerging within the “citizen science” discourse. Finally, it maps a number of historical, political, and social questions for future research in the critical studies of “citizen science.”

2019

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Science, Democracy, and the Pursuit of Aliens

Jérôme Baudry

In 1902, a contributor to Popular Science affirmed that “The era of the amateur scientist is passing; science must now be advanced by the professional expert.” Throughout the twentieth century, amateurs have been increasingly excluded from the production of scientific knowledge. But since the 1990s, under the banner of “citizen science”, a growing number of initiatives have involved, once again, amateurs in science, with the goal of democratizing science, promoting scientific literacy, and solving big data problems. The creation of SETI@home at UC Berkeley in 1998 embodied all these aims. Within six month, it had attracted more than one million participants analyzing radio signals from space on their personal computer searching for signs of extraterrestrial life. The initiators of the project and the media constructed the image of the participant along the lines of an imagined amateur scientist making discoveries outside of scientific institutions, while contributing to the making of a global scientific citizenship. Infused by libertarian, countercultural, and cyber-utopian ideals, SETI@home seemed to capture the scientific aspirations of a new generation. But the tens of thousands of online biographical sketches left by the participants present a more nuanced picture. These traces offer a unique window into the self-fashioning of the participants into different kinds of “amateurs”, “volunteers”, and “hobbyists” with various views about professional science and its place in society. These sources helps us better understand the recent reconfigurations of the amateur scientist and, more generally, the struggles over the legitimacy of professional expertise.

2019

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Pollution

La pollution est la destruction ou dégradation d'un écosystème ou de la biosphère par l'introduction, généralement humaine, d'entités (physiques, chimiques ou biologiques), ou de radiations altéran

Biodiversité

La biodiversité désigne la variété des formes de vie sur la Terre. Ce terme est composé du préfixe bio (du grec , « vie ») et du mot « diversité ». Elle s'apprécie en considérant la diversité des écos

Production participative

La production participative, la production par les pairs ou l'externalisation ouverte est l'utilisation du travail, de la créativité, de l'intelligence et du savoir

MGT-409: D. Thinking: real problems, human-focused solutions

This course aims to engage students into multidisciplinary collaboration to tackle real world problems with a human centered approach. It will also provide knowledge about the role of design in innovation.

DH-500: Computational Social Media

The course integrates concepts from media studies, machine learning, multimedia and network science to characterize social practices and analyze content in sites like Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. Students will learn computational methods to infer individual and networked phenomena in social media.

PHYS-402: Astrophysics IV : observational cosmology

Cosmology is the study of the structure and evolution of the universe as a whole. This course describes the principal themes of cosmology, as seen from the point of view of observations.