Test (évaluation)droite|vignette|280x280px|Etudiants qui passent leurs examens au Mahatma Gandhi Seva Ashram, Jaura, en Inde. droite|vignette|280x280px|Etudiants cambodgiens qui passe un examen en vue d'une demande pour l'école technique de Don Bosco de Sihanoukville en 2008. vignette|280x280px|Etudiants américains en classe d'ordinateurs fondamentale en train de faire une évaluation sur ordinateur. Une évaluation ou test (anglicisme) ou examen (informellement examination ou exam.
EvaluationIn common usage, evaluation is a systematic determination and assessment of a subject's merit, worth and significance, using criteria governed by a set of standards. It can assist an organization, program, design, project or any other intervention or initiative to assess any aim, realisable concept/proposal, or any alternative, to help in decision-making; or to ascertain the degree of achievement or value in regard to the aim and objectives and results of any such action that has been completed.
PsychométrieLa psychométrie est la science qui étudie l'ensemble des techniques de mesures pratiquées en psychologie, ainsi que les techniques de validation et d'élaboration de ces mesures. Ces techniques concernent tous les champs de la psychologie, ainsi que d'autres domaines de sciences connexes (comme la recherche en comportement du consommateur par exemple).
Educational assessmentEducational assessment or educational evaluation is the systematic process of documenting and using empirical data on the knowledge, skill, attitudes, aptitude and beliefs to refine programs and improve student learning. Assessment data can be obtained from directly examining student work to assess the achievement of learning outcomes or can be based on data from which one can make inferences about learning. Assessment is often used interchangeably with test, but not limited to tests.
No Child Left Behind ActThe No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) was a U.S. Act of Congress that reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act; it included Title I provisions applying to disadvantaged students. It supported standards-based education reform based on the premise that setting high standards and establishing measurable goals could improve individual outcomes in education. The Act required states to develop assessments in basic skills. To receive federal school funding, states had to give these assessments to all students at select grade levels.
Norm-referenced testA norm-referenced test (NRT) is a type of test, assessment, or evaluation which yields an estimate of the position of the tested individual in a predefined population, with respect to the trait being measured. Assigning scores on such tests may be described as relative grading, marking on a curve (BrE) or grading on a curve (AmE, CanE) (also referred to as curved grading, bell curving, or using grading curves).
Quotient intellectuelvignette|upright=1|Un exemple d'un type d'élément de test de QI, sur le modèle des éléments des matrices progressives de Raven. Le quotient intellectuel, ou QI, est le résultat d'un test psychométrique qui entend fournir une indication quantitative standardisée de l'intelligence humaine. Le QI est mesuré par un psychologue pour des raisons qui peuvent être éducatives ou psychiatriques. Cependant, le QI, tout comme les notions associées de déficience mentale ou d'enfant à haut potentiel intellectuel, n'est pas un diagnostic.
Criterion-referenced testA criterion-referenced test is a style of test which uses test scores to generate a statement about the behavior that can be expected of a person with that score. Most tests and quizzes that are written by school teachers can be considered criterion-referenced tests. In this case, the objective is simply to see whether the student has learned the material. Criterion-referenced assessment can be contrasted with norm-referenced assessment and ipsative assessment. Criterion-referenced testing was a major focus of psychometric research in the 1970s.
Handicap mentalLe handicap mental (parfois appelé retard mental dans le langage courant) est un trouble généralisé perçu avant l'âge adulte, caractérisé par un déficit et un dysfonctionnement cognitif dans au moins deux fonctionnements adaptatifs. Le handicap mental a été historiquement défini sous le score de 70 de quotient intellectuel (QI). Presque entièrement fondée sur la cognition, la définition inclut désormais le fonctionnement mental et les capacités fonctionnelles d'un individu liées à son environnement.
Item response theoryIn psychometrics, item response theory (IRT) (also known as latent trait theory, strong true score theory, or modern mental test theory) is a paradigm for the design, analysis, and scoring of tests, questionnaires, and similar instruments measuring abilities, attitudes, or other variables. It is a theory of testing based on the relationship between individuals' performances on a test item and the test takers' levels of performance on an overall measure of the ability that item was designed to measure.
