Torrens titleTorrens title is a land registration and land transfer system, in which a state creates and maintains a register of land holdings, which serves as the conclusive evidence (termed "indefeasibility") of title of the person recorded on the register as the proprietor (owner), and of all other interests recorded on the register. Ownership of land is transferred by registration of a transfer of title, instead of by the use of deeds. The Registrar provides a Certificate of Title to the new proprietor, which is merely a copy of the related folio of the register.
DeedIn common law, a deed is any legal instrument in writing which passes, affirms or confirms an interest, right, or property and that is signed, attested, delivered, and in some jurisdictions, sealed. It is commonly associated with transferring (conveyancing) title to property. The deed has a greater presumption of validity and is less rebuttable than an instrument signed by the party to the deed. A deed can be unilateral or bilateral. Deeds include conveyances, commissions, licenses, patents, diplomas, and conditionally powers of attorney if executed as deeds.
OwnershipOwnership is the state or fact of legal possession and control over property, which may be any asset, tangible or intangible. Ownership can involve multiple rights, collectively referred to as title, which may be separated and held by different parties. The process and mechanics of ownership are fairly complex: one can gain, transfer, and lose ownership of property in a number of ways. To acquire property one can purchase it with money, trade it for other property, win it in a bet, receive it as a gift, inherit it, find it, receive it as damages, earn it by doing work or performing services, make it, or homestead it.
Fee simpleIn English law, a fee simple or fee simple absolute is an estate in land, a form of freehold ownership. A "fee" is a vested, inheritable, present possessory interest in land. A "fee simple" is real property held without limit of time (i.e., permanently) under common law, whereas the highest possible form of ownership is a "fee simple absolute," which is without limitations on the land's use (such as qualifiers or conditions that disallow certain uses of the land or subject the vested interest to termination).
Covenant (law)A covenant, in its most general sense and historical sense, is a solemn promise to engage in or refrain from a specified action. Under historical English common law, a covenant was distinguished from an ordinary contract by the presence of a seal. Because the presence of a seal indicated an unusual solemnity in the promises made in a covenant, the common law would enforce a covenant even in the absence of consideration. In United States contract law, an implied covenant of good faith is presumed.
EasementAn easement is a nonpossessory right to use and/or enter onto the real property of another without possessing it. It is "best typified in the right of way which one landowner, A, may enjoy over the land of another, B". An easement is a property right and type of incorporeal property in itself at common law in most jurisdictions. An easement is similar to real covenants and equitable servitudes. In the United States, the Restatement (Third) of Property takes steps to merge these concepts as servitudes.
Droit de superficievignette|La propriété Kattfoten moins 10 avec Bastugatan 44 (le plus proche) et 46 Le droit de superficie (lat. superficies; aussi appelé droit superficiaire) est une modalité du droit de propriété appliquée à la division d'un bien immobilier entre le tréfoncier (dominus soli) et le superficiaire (superficiarius). Son effet principal est de dissocier la propriété du fonds de celle des bâtiments situés dessus, faisant échec au principe de l'accession (selon la maxime latine superficies solo cedit). Coopérati
Squat (lieu)vignette|Un squat en Allemagne Le squat (de l'anglais to squat, occuper un lieu sans en avoir la permission), désigne l'occupation d'un lieu sans l'accord du titulaire légal de ce lieu. Juridiquement qualifié d'« occupation sans droit ni titre », le squat est par définition illégal. Par extension, le squat désigne le lieu ainsi occupé. À partir du , le terme squat apparaît pour désigner les occupations illicites de terres par des paysans anglais, les Diggers. Le aux alentours de Londres a lieu la première occupation connue, menée par Gerrard Winstanley.
Possession (droit)La possession est la maîtrise de fait sur une chose. Juridiquement, c'est un pouvoir de fait, c'est-à-dire qu'il importe peu que cette maîtrise de fait corresponde à un droit. C'est en droit romain qu'est apparue la notion de possession, qui s'est distinguée de la propriété. Dans les droits modernes, la possession sert principalement au transfert de la propriété ou à la présomption de celle-ci. Pour les juristes classiques, la possession n'est plus seulement une maîtrise de fait.
ConveyancingIn law, conveyancing is the transfer of legal title of real property from one person to another, or the granting of an encumbrance such as a mortgage or a lien. A typical conveyancing transaction has two major phases: the exchange of contracts (when equitable interests are created) and completion (also called settlement, when legal title passes and equitable rights merge with the legal title). The sale of land is governed by the laws and practices of the jurisdiction in which the land is located.
