Cancer de l'estomac

Résumé

Le cancer de l'estomac est une forme de cancer se développant aux dépens de la paroi gastrique. Par définition, l'adénocarcinome gastrique est un cancer de l'épithélium dont le centre est à plus de en dessous de la jonction œso-gastrique ; les lésions situées au-dessus de cette limite sont classées dans les tumeurs du cardia. Leur traitement est spécifique. La plupart des cancers de l'estomac semblent dus à la pullulation et à l'installation dans l'estomac d'une bactérie (Helicobacter pylori) qui produit une protéine oncogène (« Cag » ou CagA) et qui est favorisée par un régime riche en sel. Épidémiologie Les cancers de l'estomac sont la deuxième cause de décès par cancer dans le monde. Ils sont plus fréquents au Japon, en Chine, au Chili et en Irlande. L'incidence annuelle du cancer de l'estomac est en diminution constante depuis vingt ans. En France, elle est actuellement de 7 à nouveaux cas par an. En revanch

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_de_l'estomac

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The course covers in detail molecular mechanisms of cancer development with emphasis on cell cycle control, genome stability, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.

Basic course in biochemistry as well as cellular and molecular biology for non-life science students enrolling at the Master or PhD thesis level from various engineering disciplines. It reviews essential notions necessary for a training in biology-related engineering fields.

This course provides a comprehensive overview of the biology of cancer, illustrating the mechanisms that cancer cells use to grow and disseminate at the expense of normal tissues and organs.

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Human genomics of the humoral immune response against polyomaviruses

Jacques Fellay, Christian Hammer, Flavia Aurelia Shoko Hodel, Olivier Noël Marie Naret, Petar Scepanovic, Christian Axel Wandall Thorball, Zhi Ming Xu

Human polyomaviruses are widespread in humans and can cause severe disease in immunocompromised individuals. To identify human genetic determinants of the humoral immune response against polyomaviruses, we performed genome-wide association studies and meta-analyses of qualitative and quantitative immunoglobulin G responses against BK polyomavirus (BKPyV), JC polyomavirus (JCPyV), Merkel cellpolyomavirus (MCPyV), WU polyomavirus (WUPyV), and human polyomavirus 6 (HPyV6) in 15,660 individuals of European ancestry from three independent studies. We observed significant associations for all tested viruses: JCPyV, HPyV6, and MCPyV associated with human leukocyte antigen class II variation, BKPyV and JCPyV with variants in FUT2, responsible for secretor status, MCPyV with variants in STING1, involved in interferon induction, and WUPyV with a functional variant in MUC1, previously associated with risk for gastric cancer. These results provide insights into the genetic control of a family of very prevalent human viruses, highlighting genes and pathways that play a modulating role in human humoral immunity.

OXFORD UNIV PRESS2021

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Repositioning approved drugs for the treatment of problematic cancers using a screening approach

Damiano Banfi, Paul Joseph Dyson, Fabien Kuttler, Gerardo Turcatti, Hristo Plamenov Varbanov

Advances in treatment strategies together with an earlier diagnosis have considerably increased the average survival of cancer patients over the last four decades. Nevertheless, despite the growing number of new antineoplastic agents introduced each year, there is still no adequate therapy for problematic malignancies such as pancreatic, lung and stomach cancers. Consequently, it is important to ensure that existing drugs used to treat other types of cancers, and potentially other diseases, are not overlooked when searching for new chemotherapy regimens for these problematic cancer types. We describe a screening approach that identifies chemotherapeutics for the treatment of lung and pancreatic cancers, based on drugs already approved for other applications. Initially, the 1280 chemically and pharmacologically diverse compounds from the Prestwick Chemical Library (R) (PCL) were screened against A549 (lung cancer) and PANC-1 (pancreatic carcinoma) cells using the PrestoBlue fluorescent-based cell viability assay. More than 100 compounds from the PCL were identified as hits in one or both cell lines (80 of them, being drugs used to treat diseases other than cancer). Selected PCL hits were further evaluated in a dose-response manner. Promising candidates for repositioning emanating from this study include antiparasitics, cardiac glycosides, as well as the anticancer drugs vorinostat and topotecan.

2017

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