Scientifique

Résumé

vignette|Un cube d'Aérogel présenté par Peter Tsou, le coordinateur du projet Stardust du Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Un scientifique est une personne qui se consacre à l'étude de la science ou des sciences avec rigueur et des méthodes scientifiques. Bien que savant soit le terme pur, formé à partir de la racine savoir, il est plus ou moins tombé en désuétude et remplacé par scientifique ou chercheur. Il arrive que des personnes (ex. : charlatans) s'auto-qualifient de scientifiques ; le scepticisme scientifique est une pratique qui remet en doute leurs allégations. Évolution du métier vignette|gauche|Marie Skłodowska-Curie et Pierre Curie dans leur laboratoire.|150x150px Du siècle des Lumières à nos jours, le savant devient peu à peu scientifique, chercheur ou ingénieur : le mot « scientifique » évoque aujourd'hui surtout les sciences fondamentales, voire les sciences, technologie, ingénierie et mathématiques mais les savants étaient autrefois aussi les lettrés. Ainsi, le

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https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientifique

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Beyond scientific excellence: International mobility and the entrepreneurial activities of academic scientists

Valentina Tartari

As the international mobility of academic scientists is ever increasing, its effects on outcomes beyond research productivity deserve more attention. In this paper, we therefore investigate to what extent academics with different international mobility experiences differ in their likelihood to commercialize their research through entrepreneurship. To answer this question, we make use of a detailed survey covering all academics employed at Danish universities in 2017. Empirically, we distinguish three groups of academics according to their international experience (stayers, returnee, and immigrants) and focus on entrepreneurial outcomes realized while residing in the host country, Denmark. The estimation of duration models reveals that returnees are more than 50% more likely to become academic entrepreneurs than stayers. Immigrants, however, were between 38 and 47% less likely to start a firm than returnees. This difference seems to increase at higher levels of commercially relevant research and international research stays at international top institutions.

ELSEVIER2022

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The systematic recording and management of experimental data in academic life science research remains an open problem. EPFL engaged in a program of ELN/LIMS deployment 6 years ago, encountering a host of fundamental questions at the institutional level and in each single laboratory. Here, based on our experience we aim to share with research institute managers, PIs, and any scientists involved in an ELN/LIMS deployment, helpful tips and tools to surround yourself with the right people and the right software at the right time. In this article we describe the resources used, the challenges, key success factors, and the results obtained at each phase of our project. Finally, we discuss the current and next challenges and how our experience leads us to support the creation of a new position in the research groups: the laboratory data manager.

2020

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The stability of the h-index

Monika Henzinger, Jacob Sunol Canadas, Ingmar Weber

Over the last years the h-index has gained popularity as a measure for comparing the impact of scientists. We investigate if ranking according to the h-index is stable with respect to (i) different choices of citation databases, (ii) normalizing citation counts by the number of authors or by removing self-citations, (iii) small amounts of noise created by randomly removing citations or publications and (iv) small changes in the definition of the index. In experiments for 5,283 computer scientists and 1,354 physicists we show that although the ranking of the h-index is stable under most of these changes, it is unstable when different databases are used. Therefore, comparisons based on the h-index should only be trusted when the rankings of multiple citation databases agree.

Springer Netherlands2010

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