Navire

Résumé

Un navire est un bateau destiné à la navigation maritime, c'est-à-dire prévu pour naviguer au-delà de la limite où cessent de s'appliquer les règlements techniques de sécurité de navigation intérieure et où commencent à s'appliquer les règlements de navigation maritime. Du point de vue du règlement international pour prévenir les abordages en mer : (règle 3-a). thumb|Deux porte-conteneurs à San Francisco. Types en fonction de l'usage vignette|upright=1.3|Comparaison de navires les plus longs de leur catégorie (pétrolier, porte-conteneurs, vraquier, paquebot, porte-avions). Il existe toutes sortes de navires, que l'on peut classer selon leurs usages, leur taille, leur mode de propulsion principal. ; Navires de charge : Pétroliers transportant les hydrocarbures liquides, gaziers transportant le gaz de pétrole liquéfié à basse température, minéraliers transportant les minerais, céréaliers, chimiquiers les produits chimiques et porte-conteneurs qui transportent de tout da

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navire

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Fiction is one of the laboratories that architecture uses for its tests. This should not come as a surprise, since architecture has always been a "science of fiction". The studio holds by elii [architecture office] will work in Madrid on housing, domesticity and fiction.

This course provides a deep understanding of the concepts behind data management systems. It covers fundamental data management topics such as system architecture, data models, query processing and optimization, database design, storage organization, and transaction management.

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Energy Efficient Cruise Ships HVAC Loads

Othmane Tamri

The present work is a Master semester project created collaterally to the mechanical engineering major (SGM) at the Swiss federal institute of technology (EPFL). The project aim is the comprehension, assessment and optimization of an HVAC energy system which is located on a cruise ship. To approach the subject, a first analysis of the real field data from the ship is made. Then, an approximation of the energy demand of the HVAC ystem on board is carried out using Matlab. The real consumed HVAC energy is compared with the theoretical results. Based on these results, optimization options regarding the HVAC systems and their possible implementation are discussed.

2014

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Energy and Exergy Analysis of a Cruise Ship

Karin Andersson, Francesco Baldi, Tuong-Van Nguyen

In recent years, the International Maritime Organization agreed on aiming to reduce shipping’s greenhouse gas emissions by 50% with respect to 2009 levels. Meanwhile, cruise ship tourism is growing at a fast pace, making the challenge of achieving this goal even harder. The complexity of the energy system of these ships makes them of particular interest from an energy systems perspective. To illustrate this, we analyzed the energy and exergy flow rates of a cruise ship sailing in the Baltic Sea based on measurements from one year of the ship’s operations. The energy analysis allows identifying propulsion as the main energy user (46% of the total) followed by heat (27%) and electric power (27%) generation; the exergy analysis allowed instead identifying the main inefficiencies of the system: while exergy is primarily destroyed in all processes involving combustion (76% of the total), the other main causes of exergy destruction are the turbochargers, the heat recovery steam generators, the steam heaters, the preheater in the accommodation heating systems, the sea water coolers, and the electric generators; the main exergy losses take place in the exhaust gas of the engines not equipped with heat recovery devices. The application of clustering of the ship’s operations based on the concept of typical operational days suggests that the use of five typical days provides a good approximation of the yearly ship’s operations and can hence be used for the design and optimization of the energy systems of the ship.

2018

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The effects miniaturization has on microsystems and related fields are the central subject of this work. Physical phenomena we are used to in our conventionally sized world seldom work at smaller scales. Before attempting to design a microsystem or try to perform any operation on or with it, the outcome of size reduction has to be considered. When well-known phenomena are involved it remains relatively simple to predict the outcome as a function of size. Unfortunately the behavior of microsystems is, in many cases, governed by phenomena that have been systematically and correctly neglected. In consequence our knowledge about them is limited to the point that we can't establish a relation between them and the size of the system. Dimensional analysis and theory of similitude are two engineering tools that have been long used to solve problems where analytical solutions were not available. While the first one gives us the possibility of obtaining prediction equations for our phenomena based on our initial hypothesis, the second allows us to test the validity of our findings through the use of models of convenient size. Combined they allow information and data obtained from the study of different cases where similar phenomena are involved to be extrapolated to the case under consideration. Ship engineering has benefited from those tools: the flow around a ship's hull is difficult to describe analytically and full-sized models are uneconomical to build for testing purposes alone. Since microsystems find themselves in a similar situation (some effects can't be described analytically and full-size models are difficult to work with) the use of dimensional analysis and similitude to solve different problems encountered in this domain is proposed. The subject of forces at the microsystem level is treated in detail to show how dimensional analysis can be used both qualitatively and quantitatively to help understand how forces behave at this scale.

EPFL2000

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