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Concept
Navire de commerce
Résumé
A merchant ship, merchant vessel, trading vessel, or merchantman is a watercraft that transports cargo or carries passengers for hire. This is in contrast to pleasure craft, which are used for personal recreation, and naval ships, which are used for military purposes.
They come in myriad sizes and shapes, from inflatable dive boats in Hawaii, to 5,000-passenger casino vessels on the Mississippi River, to tugboats plying New York Harbor, to oil tankers and container ships at major ports, to passenger-carrying submarines in the Caribbean.
Many merchant ships operate under a "flag of convenience" from a country other than the home of the vessel's owners, such as Liberia and Panama, which have more favorable maritime laws than other countries.
The Greek merchant marine is the largest in the world. Today, the Greek fleet accounts for some 16 per cent of the world's tonnage; this makes it currently the largest single international merchant fleet in the world, albeit not the largest in history.
During wars, merchant ships may be used as auxiliaries to the navies of their respective countries, and are called upon to deliver military personnel and materiel.
The term "commercial vessel" is defined by the United States Coast Guard as any vessel (i.e. boat or ship) engaged in commercial trade or that carries passengers for hire.
In English, the term "Merchant Navy" without further clarification is used to refer to the British Merchant Navy; the United States merchant fleet is known as the United States Merchant Marine.
Ship prefix
Merchant ships' names have a prefix to indicate which kind of vessel they are:
CS = Cable Ship/Cable layer
LNG = Gas carrier transporting liquefied natural gas
LPG = Gas carrier transporting liquefied petroleum gas
MFV = Motor Fishing Vessel
MS = Motorship
MSV = Motor Stand-by Vessel
MT = Motor Tanker or Motor Tug Boat
MV = Motor/Merchant Vessel
MY = Motor Yacht
NS = Nuclear Ship
RMS = Royal Mail Ship
RRS = Royal Research Ship
RV = Research Vessel
SS = Steam Ship
SV = Sailing vessel/Sailing Vessel (although these can be sub coded as type of sailing vessel)
The UNCTAD review of maritime transport categorizes ships as: oil tankers, bulk (and combination) carriers, general cargo ships, container ships, and "other ships", which includes "liquefied petroleum gas carriers, liquefied natural gas carriers, parcel (chemical) tankers, specialized tankers, reefers, offshore supply, tugs, dredgers, cruise, ferries, other non-cargo".
Source officielle
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