Concept
Near and far field
Concepts associés (27)
Antenna measurement
Antenna measurement techniques refers to the testing of antennas to ensure that the antenna meets specifications or simply to characterize it. Typical parameters of antennas are gain, bandwidth, radiation pattern, beamwidth, polarization, and impedance. The antenna pattern is the response of the antenna to a plane wave incident from a given direction or the relative power density of the wave transmitted by the antenna in a given direction. For a reciprocal antenna, these two patterns are identical.
Transmission d'énergie sans fil
La transmission d'énergie sans fil est une technique permettant la distribution de l'énergie électrique sans utiliser de support matériel. Cette technique est destinée à être utilisée, soit pour alimenter des lieux difficiles d'accès, soit pour recharger des objets nomades (véhicules, téléphones, outillage portatif...) . Contrairement à la transmission de données, le rendement est le critère à maximiser pour la transmission d'énergie, il détermine le choix entre les différentes technologies.
Mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field
There are various mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field that are used in the study of electromagnetism, one of the four fundamental interactions of nature. In this article, several approaches are discussed, although the equations are in terms of electric and magnetic fields, potentials, and charges with currents, generally speaking. Classical electromagnetism The most common description of the electromagnetic field uses two three-dimensional vector fields called the electric field and the magnetic field.
Radiation resistance
Radiation resistance is that part of an antenna's feedpoint electrical resistance caused by the emission of radio waves from the antenna. In radio transmission, a radio transmitter is connected to an antenna. The transmitter generates a radio frequency alternating current which is applied to the antenna, and the antenna radiates the energy in the alternating current as radio waves. Because the antenna is absorbing the energy it is radiating from the transmitter, the antenna's input terminals present a resistance to the current from the transmitter.
Computational electromagnetics
Computational electromagnetics (CEM), computational electrodynamics or electromagnetic modeling is the process of modeling the interaction of electromagnetic fields with physical objects and the environment. It typically involves using computer programs to compute approximate solutions to Maxwell's equations to calculate antenna performance, electromagnetic compatibility, radar cross section and electromagnetic wave propagation when not in free space.
Développement multipolaire
En Physique, le développement multipolaire correspond au développement en série d'un potentiel scalaire, comme le potentiel électrique ou gravitationnel, utilisant de manière habituelle des puissances (ou des puissances inverses) de la distance à l'origine, ainsi que de la dépendance angulaire, et dont les coefficients sont appelés moments multipolaire. En principe, un développement multipolaire procure une description exacte du potentiel et converge généralement sous deux conditions, si les sources (i.e.
Nombre de Fresnel
The Fresnel number (F), named after the physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel, is a dimensionless number occurring in optics, in particular in scalar diffraction theory. For an electromagnetic wave passing through an aperture and hitting a screen, the Fresnel number F is defined as where is the characteristic size (e.g. radius) of the aperture is the distance of the screen from the aperture is the incident wavelength.