CardageLe cardage consiste à démêler et aérer les fibres textiles à partir de divers matériaux bruts. Avant de pouvoir être filée, une fibre naturelle doit être cardée ou peignée, en fonction du matériau et du résultat souhaité. Le cardage s'effectue avec une paire de cardes à main, ou une cardeuse à rouleau, et l'on obtient un rouleau avec les cardes à main, ou une nappe avec la cardeuse. On carde généralement les fibres courtes (mérinos, coton). C'est lors du cardage (ou du peignage) que l'on peut faire des mélanges de matières et de couleurs.
Fuseau (bobine de fil)thumb|right|Dentellière travaillant la dentelle aux fuseaux. Le fuseau est un bâton en bois, renflé à une extrémité ou en son centre, qui permet le filage de la laine, du lin, du chanvre ou du coton. Le fuseau est une invention très précoce et qui se retrouve suivant des modes proches dans différentes civilisations. Le principe étant une tige qui sert d'axe de rotation comprenant différents « aménagements » comme des rainures pour fixer le fil, complété par une fusaïole qui sert de volant d'inertie.
Textile manufacturingTextile manufacturing (or textile engineering) is a major industry. It is largely based on the conversion of fibre into yarn, then yarn into fabric. These are then dyed or printed, fabricated into cloth which is then converted into useful goods such as clothing, household items, upholstery and various industrial products. Different types of fibres are used to produce yarn. Cotton remains the most widely used and common natural fiber making up 90% of all-natural fibers used in the textile industry.
Ring spinningRing spinning is a spindle-based method of spinning fibres, such as cotton, flax or wool, to make a yarn. The ring frame developed from the throstle frame, which in its turn was a descendant of Arkwright's water frame. Ring spinning is a continuous process, unlike mule spinning which uses an intermittent action. In ring spinning, the roving is first attenuated by using drawing rollers, then spun and wound around a rotating spindle which in its turn is contained within an independently rotating ring flyer.
Power loomA power loom is a mechanized loom, and was one of the key developments in the industrialization of weaving during the early Industrial Revolution. The first power loom was designed and patented in 1785 by Edmund Cartwright. It was refined over the next 47 years until a design by the Howard and Bullough company made the operation completely automatic. This device was designed in 1834 by James Bullough and William Kenworthy, and was named the Lancashire loom. By the year 1850, there were a total of around 260,000 power loom operations in England.
Timeline of clothing and textiles technologyThis timeline of clothing and textiles technology covers events relating to fiber and flexible woven material worn on the body. This includes the making, modification, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, and manufacturing systems (technology). Research remains ongoing as to when people started wearing clothes c. 50,000 BC – A discovered twisted fibre (a 3-ply cord fragment) indicates the likely use of clothing, bags, nets and similar technology by Neanderthals in southeastern France.
Cotton millA cotton mill is a building that houses spinning or weaving machinery for the production of yarn or cloth from cotton, an important product during the Industrial Revolution in the development of the factory system. Although some were driven by animal power, most early mills were built in rural areas at fast-flowing rivers and streams using water wheels for power. The development of viable steam engines by Boulton and Watt from 1781 led to the growth of larger, steam-powered mills allowing them to be concentrated in urban mill towns, like Manchester, which with neighbouring Salford had more than 50 mills by 1802.
Manufacture du textile en Grande-BretagneL’un des premiers développements de la Révolution industrielle concerne les changements dans l’industrie textile en Grande-Bretagne. La Révolution industrielle a commencé par la croissance de la production textile qui s’est produite au milieu des années 1700. Cette croissance a été encouragée par trois phénomènes. Premièrement, il y avait déjà une production textile organisée, fondement pour élaborer un système beaucoup plus efficace. La seconde est l’augmentation de la production de coton à cause de l'esclavage américain qui permet une production à moindre coût.
Cotton-spinning machineryCotton-spinning machinery is machines which process (or spin) prepared cotton roving into workable yarn or thread. Such machinery can be dated back centuries. During the 18th and 19th centuries, as part of the Industrial Revolution cotton-spinning machinery was developed to bring mass production to the cotton industry. Cotton spinning machinery was installed in large factories, commonly known as cotton mills. Spinning wheel The spinning wheel was invented in the Islamic world by 1030.
Warp and weftWarp and weft are the two basic components used in weaving to turn thread or yarn into fabric. The lengthwise or longitudinal warp yarns are held stationary in tension on a frame or loom while the horizontal weft (sometimes woof) is drawn through and inserted over and under the warp. A single thread of the weft crossing the warp is called a pick. Terms vary (for instance, in North America, the weft is sometimes referred to as the fill or the filling yarn). Each individual warp thread in a fabric is called a warp end or end.
