Modified gross national incomeModified gross national income, Modified GNI or GNI* was created by the Central Bank of Ireland in February 2017 as a new way to measure the Irish economy, and Irish indebtedness, due to the increasing distortion that the base erosion and profit shifting ("BEPS") tools of US multinational tax schemes were having on Irish GNP and Irish GDP; the climax being the July 2016 leprechaun economics affair with Apple Inc. While "Inflated GDP-per-capita" due to BEPS tools is a feature of tax havens, Ireland was the first to adjust its GDP metrics.
Ireland as a tax havenIreland has been labelled as a tax haven or corporate tax haven in multiple financial reports, an allegation which the state has rejected in response. Ireland is on all academic "tax haven lists", including the , and tax NGOs. Ireland does not meet the 1998 OECD definition of a tax haven, but no OECD member, including Switzerland, ever met this definition; only Trinidad & Tobago met it in 2017. Similarly, no EU–28 country is amongst the 64 listed in the 2017 EU tax haven blacklist and greylist.
MedtronicMedtronic est une entreprise active dans les technologies médicales. L'entreprise est représentée au niveau mondial. Le siège social du groupe se trouve à Dublin en Irlande. Le siège pour l'Europe, le Moyen-Orient et l'Afrique se trouve à Tolochenaz en Suisse. Pour la région Asie/Pacifique, le siège se trouve à Singapour. Geoff Martha est le PDG de la société. En 1940, Earl Bakken crée avec son beau-frère Palmer Hermundslie un atelier de réparation d'appareils médicaux dans un garage.
Inversion (entreprise)thumb|Courbe montrant le nombre annuel d'inversions d'entreprises américaines entre 1980 et 2016. Une inversion est le déplacement du siège social fiscal d'une entreprise grâce à l'acquisition d'une autre entreprise (située dans un pays dont la législation fiscale est plus favorable). Par exemple, Mylan a recours à une telle pratique en 2014 lors du rachat d'une partie des activités d'Abbott, déplaçant son siège fiscal aux Pays-Bas.
Érosion de la base d'imposition et transfert des bénéficesL’érosion de la base d'imposition et transfert des bénéfices (BEPS, de l’anglais base erosion and profit shifting) désigne l'exploitation, par des entreprises multinationales, des écarts et des inadéquations entre les systèmes fiscaux des différents pays. Récemment, les institutions internationales comme l'OCDE et le G20 proposent des mesures pour contrer ce phénomène qui aboutit, en 2021, à la proposition d'un taux d'imposition minimum mondial.
Leprechaun economicsLeprechaun economics was a term coined by economist Paul Krugman to describe the 26.3 per cent rise in Irish 2015 GDP, later revised to 34.4 per cent, in a 12 July 2016 publication by the Irish Central Statistics Office (CSO), restating 2015 Irish national accounts. At that point, the distortion of Irish economic data by tax-driven accounting flows reached a climax. In 2020, Krugman said the term was a feature of all tax havens.
Corporate havenCorporate haven, corporate tax haven, or multinational tax haven is used to describe a jurisdiction that multinational corporations find attractive for establishing subsidiaries or incorporation of regional or main company headquarters, mostly due to favourable tax regimes (not just the headline tax rate), and/or favourable secrecy laws (such as the avoidance of regulations or disclosure of tax schemes), and/or favourable regulatory regimes (such as weak data-protection or employment laws).
Corporation tax in the Republic of IrelandIreland's Corporate Tax System is a central component of Ireland's economy. In 2016–17, foreign firms paid 80% of Irish corporate tax, employed 25% of the Irish labour force (paid 50% of Irish salary tax), and created 57% of Irish OECD non-farm value-add. As of 2017, 25 of the top 50 Irish firms were U.S.–controlled businesses, representing 70% of the revenue of the top 50 Irish firms. By 2018, Ireland had received the most U.S. in history, and Apple was over one–fifth of Irish GDP.
