Financial economicsFinancial economics is the branch of economics characterized by a "concentration on monetary activities", in which "money of one type or another is likely to appear on both sides of a trade". Its concern is thus the interrelation of financial variables, such as share prices, interest rates and exchange rates, as opposed to those concerning the real economy. It has two main areas of focus: asset pricing and corporate finance; the first being the perspective of providers of capital, i.e.
Trend followingTrend following or trend trading is a trading strategy according to which one should buy an asset when its price trend goes up, and sell when its trend goes down, expecting price movements to continue. There are a number of different techniques, calculations and time-frames that may be used to determine the general direction of the market to generate a trade signal, including the current market price calculation, moving averages and channel breakouts.
Renaissance TechnologiesRenaissance Technologies est un hedge fund américain créé en 1982 par James Simons. Robert Mercer, employé depuis 1993 jusqu'à devenir co-CEO, est connu pour son soutien financier à des campagnes politiques conservatrices (référendum sur le Brexit, climato-scepticisme). Des associés de Renaissance Technologies, dont David Magerman, expriment leur hostilité à ces actions lors du soutien à l'élection de Donald Trump en 2016.
Analyse techniqueL'analyse technique consiste en l’étude des graphiques de cours de la bourse et de différents indicateurs déduits des cours (actif sous-jacent) dans le but de prévoir l'évolution des marchés. Cette extrapolation graphique s'applique à tout type de marché comme les indices, prix, taux et matières premières. Elle n'est donc pas limitée à la bourse (marchés des actions) ; les mêmes outils et méthodes pouvant être appliqués à tout type d'actif sous-jacent dès lors que son prix est déterminé par la rencontre de l'offre et de la demande.
Computational financeComputational finance is a branch of applied computer science that deals with problems of practical interest in finance. Some slightly different definitions are the study of data and algorithms currently used in finance and the mathematics of computer programs that realize financial models or systems. Computational finance emphasizes practical numerical methods rather than mathematical proofs and focuses on techniques that apply directly to economic analyses. It is an interdisciplinary field between mathematical finance and numerical methods.
Fundamental analysisFundamental analysis, in accounting and finance, is the analysis of a business's financial statements (usually to analyze the business's assets, liabilities, and earnings); health; and competitors and markets. It also considers the overall state of the economy and factors including interest rates, production, earnings, employment, GDP, housing, manufacturing and management. There are two basic approaches that can be used: bottom up analysis and top down analysis.
Financial analystA financial analyst is a professional, undertaking financial analysis for external or internal clients as a core feature of the job. The role may specifically be titled securities analyst, research analyst, equity analyst, investment analyst, or ratings analyst. The job title is a broad one: in banking, and industry more generally, various other analyst-roles cover financial management and (credit) risk management, as opposed to focusing on investments and valuation; these are also discussed in this article.
Financial risk managementFinancial risk management is the practice of protecting economic value in a firm by managing exposure to financial risk - principally operational risk, credit risk and market risk, with more specific variants as listed aside. As for risk management more generally, financial risk management requires identifying the sources of risk, measuring these, and crafting plans to address them. See for an overview. Financial risk management as a "science" can be said to have been born with modern portfolio theory, particularly as initiated by Professor Harry Markowitz in 1952 with his article, "Portfolio Selection"; see .
Gestion alternativethumb|Les investissements des fonds spéculatifs entre 2000 et 2007 La gestion alternative (en anglais : hedge fund) est un mode de gestion de portefeuille alternative risqué par lequel le fonds d'investissement qui investit mobilise des actifs liquides et recourt à des montages financiers complexes et à des techniques de management du risque pour améliorer ses performances. La gestion alternative utilise notamment la vente à découvert, l'effet de levier et les produits dérivés.
Gestion structuréeLa gestion structurée est une gestion de portefeuille faisant appel à l'assurance de portefeuille. Elle consiste à faire appel à des produits dérivés financiers permettant de garantir le capital placé mais en limitant en contrepartie les possibilités de gain provenant de l'évolution boursière du portefeuille. Tout en acceptant un rendement global faible, voire nul certaines années, le porteur d'un fonds de placement fonctionnant en ayant recours à la gestion structurée (fonds structuré) voit son capital nominal garanti.
