Structural engineer

Résumé

Structural engineers analyze, design, plan, and research structural components and structural systems to achieve design goals and ensure the safety and comfort of users or occupants. Their work takes account mainly of safety, technical, economic, and environmental concerns, but they may also consider aesthetic and social factors. Structural engineering is usually considered a specialty discipline within civil engineering, but it can also be studied in its own right. In the United States, most practicing structural engineers are currently licensed as civil engineers, but the situation varies from state to state. Some states have a separate license for structural engineers who are required to design special or high-risk structures such as schools, hospitals, or skyscrapers. In the United Kingdom, most structural engineers in the building industry are members of the Institution of Structural Engineers or the Institution of Civil Engineers. Typical structures designed by a structural eng

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_engineer

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Publications associées (51)

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Cours associés (23)

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Séances de cours associées (38)

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To avoid an increase in greenhouse gas emissions, a depletion of resources, and waste accumulation, structural engineers have a major role to play in low carbon structural design. For example, cement- based materials represent one-third of all materials extracted each year [1]. This paper offers three pathways for lowering the embodied carbon of building structures – the emissions related to material extraction, production, transport, construction, maintenance and demolition – through the lens of three case studies of building structures in Switzerland. The first pathway focuses on the structural scale by reducing material intensities in terms of material use per unit of floor area. The second pathway focuses on the material scale by lowering the impact of the materials themselves through the choices of the materials typically used in structures. The third pathway focuses on potential changes to current construction practices by (re-)introducing reuse strategies in the building sector. A simplified version of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is used to evaluate each Swiss case study compared to current practice. The material quantities are collected from literature, architectural drawings, Bill of Quantities (BoQ), and Building Information Models (BIM). This research illustrates the challenges and opportunities of three pathways for low carbon structural design: the optimization of material efficiency, the use of low- carbon materials, and the reuse of structural elements from other demolition sites.

2018

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Computational tool for stock-constrained design of structures

Jan Friedrich Georg Brütting, Corentin Jean Dominique Fivet, Jonas Warmuth

Designing structures from reused elements is becoming an increasingly important design task for structural engineers as it has potential to significantly reduce adverse environmental impacts of building structures. To allow for a broad application of this design approach, this paper presents an interactive computational tool to design structures from a stock of reclaimed components as well as with new components. The tool provides a user-friendly data input, visualizes results, and comprises two methods for stock-constrained design: 1) discrete optimization based on Mixed-Integer Linear Programming, and 2) a newly developed heuristic. Both methods are combined with Life Cycle Assessment to design structures with least environmental impact. The applicability of the tool is demonstrated through spatial structure case studies. Results show that employing the Mixed-Integer Linear Programming methods – which produce globally optimal solutions in terms of environmental impact – are useful in detailed design stages. Instead, applying the heuristic produces solutions with slightly higher impact but requires significantly less computation time, thus enabling an interactive exploration of solutions in early conceptual design stages. The case studies show that often a combination of reused and new elements leads to structures with least environmental impact.

2021

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Component reuse in structural design: emerging practices and tools for the circular economy

Jan Friedrich Georg Brütting, Corentin Jean Dominique Fivet, Jonas Warmuth

Structural engineers play an increasing role in ensuring the transition towards a more sustainable construction sector: a) they are responsible for the design of the most resource- and energy-intensive part of buildings and infrastructure, and b) they regularly interact with architects, contractors, and clients, and hence are full stakeholders in the overall decision process. Traditionally, structural engineers follow two paths to reduce structure environmental impacts: 1) minimizing the volume of material, and 2) adopting low impact (e.g. low carbon) materials. A third strategy that has recently re-emerged in practice and research is the reuse of structural components over multiple service cycles, which allows drastically reducing raw material use, reprocessing energy, and waste. Therefore, employing reuse strategies in structural design has considerable potential to reduce structure environmental impacts further. Although reuse is not new, systematic adoption in practice implies an important paradigm shift: rather than manufacturing components after the structural system has been designed, the system must be synthesized from a stock of available components. The first part of our contribution provides an overview of historic and contemporary structures that efficiently reuse structural components. It also highlights the influence of component reuse on the structural design process. The second part presents a new computational tool for the conceptual design of structures from a stock of reclaimed elements. The tool combines Combinatorial Equilibrium Modelling, graphic statics, efficient Best-Fit heuristics, and Life Cycle Assessment to explore different design options in a user-interactive way and with almost real-time feedback. The method applicability is demonstrated through a realistic case study for the design of a complex 3D spatial structure made of reclaimed structural elements originating from deconstructed buildings in Switzerland. Results show that structures made of reused elements have a significantly lower environmental impact than solutions made of new material only. Link to the video: https://youtu.be/VCyD1yqXH8w

fib2021

Chargement

Component reuse in structural design: emerging practices and tools for the circular economy

Jan Friedrich Georg Brütting, Corentin Jean Dominique Fivet, Jonas Warmuth

fib2021