P′′P′′ (P double prime) is a primitive computer programming language created by Corrado Böhm in 1964 to describe a family of Turing machines. (hereinafter written P′′) is formally defined as a set of words on the four-instruction alphabet , as follows: and are words in P′′. If and are words in P′′, then is a word in P′′. If is a word in P′′, then is a word in P′′. Only words derivable from the previous three rules are words in P′′. is the tape-alphabet of a Turing machine with left-infinite tape, being the blank symbol, equivalent to .
Elementary cellular automatonIn mathematics and computability theory, an elementary cellular automaton is a one-dimensional cellular automaton where there are two possible states (labeled 0 and 1) and the rule to determine the state of a cell in the next generation depends only on the current state of the cell and its two immediate neighbors. There is an elementary cellular automaton (rule 110, defined below) which is capable of universal computation, and as such it is one of the simplest possible models of computation.
DatalogDatalog est un langage de requête et de règles pour les bases de données déductives. Il correspond à un sous ensemble de Prolog. Ses origines remontent aux débuts de la programmation logique. Datalog a la syntaxe suivante.
BlooP and FlooPand () (Bounded loop and Free loop) are simple programming languages designed by Douglas Hofstadter to illustrate a point in his book Gödel, Escher, Bach. BlooP is a non-Turing-complete programming language whose main control flow structure is a bounded loop (i.e. recursion is not permitted). All programs in the language must terminate, and this language can only express primitive recursive functions. FlooP is identical to BlooP except that it supports unbounded loops; it is a Turing-complete language and can express all computable functions.
Stephen WolframStephen Wolfram (né le à Londres) est un scientifique britannique principalement connu pour son logiciel de calcul formel Mathematica, mais qui a également travaillé en physique des particules et sur les automates cellulaires. Stephen Wolfram est né le de parents réfugiés allemands, d'origine juive, émigrés en Angleterre en 1933. Son père, Hugo Wolfram, est romancier, et sa mère, , était professeur de philosophie à l'université d'Oxford. Il est le petit-fils de la psychanalyste Kate Friedlander.
Meta-circular evaluatorIn computing, a meta-circular evaluator (MCE) or meta-circular interpreter (MCI) is an interpreter which defines each feature of the interpreted language using a similar facility of the interpreter's host language. For example, interpreting a lambda application may be implemented using function application. Meta-circular evaluation is most prominent in the context of Lisp. A self-interpreter is a meta-circular interpreter where the interpreted language is nearly identical to the host language; the two terms are often used synonymously.
Random access machineEn informatique théorique, la machine RAM, pour Random Access Machine, est un modèle abstrait d'ordinateur destiné à étudier des algorithmes. une machine qui ne fait qu'effectuer des calculs sur des nombres, codés sous la forme d'une suite de symboles. Ces calculs vont donc transformer une suite de symboles en une autre. Les suites de symboles manipulées sont appelées des données, tandis que les calculs qui transforment une chaîne de « caractères » en une autre sont appelées des instructions.
