The cochlear nerve (also auditory nerve or acoustic nerve) is one of two parts of the vestibulocochlear nerve, a cranial nerve present in amniotes, the other part being the vestibular nerve. The cochlear nerve carries auditory sensory information from the cochlea of the inner ear directly to the brain. The other portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve is the vestibular nerve, which carries spatial orientation information to the brain from the semicircular canals, also known as semicircular ducts.
In terms of anatomy, an auditory nerve fiber is either bipolar or unipolar, with its distal projection being called the peripheral process, and its proximal projection being called the axon; these two projections are also known as the "peripheral axon" and the "central axon", respectively. The peripheral process is sometimes referred to as a dendrite, although that term is somewhat inaccurate. Unlike the typical dendrite, the peripheral process generates and conducts action potentials, which then "jump" across the cell body (or soma) and continue to propagate along the central axon. In this respect, auditory nerve fibers are somewhat unusual in that action potentials pass through the soma. Both the peripheral process and the axon are myelinated.
In humans, there are on average 30,000 nerve fibers within the cochlear nerve. The number of fibers varies significantly across species; the domestic cat, for example, has an average of 50,000 fibers. The peripheral axons of auditory nerve fibers form synaptic connections with the hair cells of the cochlea via ribbon synapses using the neurotransmitter glutamate. The central axons form synaptic connections with cells in the cochlear nucleus of the brainstem.
The cell bodies of the cochlear nerve lie within the cochlea and collectively form the spiral ganglion, named for the spiral shape it shares with the cochlea. These central axons exit the cochlea at its base and form a nerve trunk, which, in humans, is approximately one inch long.
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L’ouïe est la capacité de percevoir des sons. Elle est l’un des cinq sens généralement admis. Chez les mammifères, l'oreille est l'organe principal de l'ouïe. Quand les animaux sont passés du milieu aquatique au milieu terrestre il y a environ d'années ils ont dû s'adapter à la gravité et à un environnement sec, et en particulier à une transmission du son différente dans l'air de ce qu'elle était dans l'eau.
vignette|Coupe transversale d'une spire de l'organe de Corti, avec ses cellules ciliées (en). Les cellules ciliées sont des cellules sensorielles coiffées de structures filamenteuses, les stéréocils, qui tapissent la cochlée des vertébrés, et faisant partie à la fois de leur systèmes auditif et vestibulaire. Ces cellules sont disposées le long d'une membrane (la membrane basilaire) qui vient partitionner la cochlée en deux petites chambres. L'ensemble des cellules ciliées et des membranes qui leur sont adjointes constitue l'organe de Corti.
The cochlea is the part of the inner ear involved in hearing. It is a spiral-shaped cavity in the bony labyrinth, in humans making 2.75 turns around its axis, the modiolus. A core component of the cochlea is the Organ of Corti, the sensory organ of hearing, which is distributed along the partition separating the fluid chambers in the coiled tapered tube of the cochlea. The name cochlea derives . The cochlea (: cochleae) is a spiraled, hollow, conical chamber of bone, in which waves propagate from the base (near the middle ear and the oval window) to the apex (the top or center of the spiral).
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