Concept
Marine microorganisms
Concepts associés (34)
Biological oceanography
Biological oceanography is the study of how organisms affect and are affected by the physics, chemistry, and geology of the oceanographic system. Biological oceanography may also be referred to as ocean ecology, in which the root word of ecology is Oikos (oικoσ), meaning ‘house’ or ‘habitat’ in Greek. With that in mind, it is of no surprise then that the main focus of biological oceanography is on the microorganisms within the ocean; looking at how they are affected by their environment and how that affects larger marine creatures and their ecosystem.
Picoplancton
Picoplankton is the fraction of plankton composed by cells between 0.2 and 2 μm that can be either prokaryotic and eukaryotic phototrophs and heterotrophs: photosynthetic Photosynthetic picoplankton heterotrophic Heterotrophic picoplankton They are prevalent amongst microbial plankton communities of both freshwater and marine ecosystems. They have an important role in making up a significant portion of the total biomass of phytoplankton communities. In general, plankton can be categorized on the basis of physiological, taxonomic, or dimensional characteristics.
Marine prokaryotes
Marine prokaryotes are marine bacteria and marine archaea. They are defined by their habitat as prokaryotes that live in marine environments, that is, in the saltwater of seas or oceans or the brackish water of coastal estuaries. All cellular life forms can be divided into prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes, whereas prokaryotes are the organisms that do not have a nucleus enclosed within a membrane.
Pompe biologique
Dans la biogéochimie des océans, la pompe biologique, qui relève du cycle du carbone océanique, est une série de processus biologiques conduisant à transporter le carbone de la zone photique vers les fonds marins. C'est un élément majeur du cycle du carbone. Grâce à cette pompe, l'océan a ainsi depuis le début de l'ère industrielle pu absorber 41 % du carbone anthropique émis par la consommation des énergies fossiles et la fabrication du ciment.
Biodiversité marine
La biodiversité marine est l'ensemble de la diversité biologique propre aux océans ou en dépendant très directement. Elle est en forte régression (du point de vue de la richesse trophique notamment) depuis plus de , incontestablement du fait des activités humaines et en particulier du fait de la surpêche et de la pollution et artificialisation des fleuves, estuaires, ports et zones côtières. thumb|left|Animaux marins.
Microfossile
Les microfossiles sont des fossiles de petites tailles, dont l'étude requiert des moyens techniques différents de ceux mis en œuvre dans l'étude des « macrofossiles » (ie. des fossiles classiques, de taille supérieure à quatre ou cinq millimètres). L'étude des microfossiles, réalisée par les paléontologues, se divise en deux branches : la micropaléontologie s'intéresse aux microfossiles à parois minérales (tests ou squelettes de micro-organismes, débris ou pièces de microfossiles, d'origine animale ou végétale) ; la palynologie s'intéresse aux microfossiles à parois organiques.
Marine biogeochemical cycles
Marine biogeochemical cycles are biogeochemical cycles that occur within marine environments, that is, in the saltwater of seas or oceans or the brackish water of coastal estuaries. These biogeochemical cycles are the pathways chemical substances and elements move through within the marine environment. In addition, substances and elements can be imported into or exported from the marine environment. These imports and exports can occur as exchanges with the atmosphere above, the ocean floor below, or as runoff from the land.
Carbone organique dissous
Le carbone organique dissous ou COD (en anglais, dissolved organic carbon ou DOC) est un paramètre global de la chimie de l'eau utilisé pour caractériser et suivre l’évolution du taux de carbone dissous dans les eaux (douces, saumâtres ou marines), ou la pollution organique des milieux aquatiques. C'est une fraction parfois importante du Carbone organique total (COT). La pollution par certaines matières organiques et le carbone dissous tend à augmenter dans le monde, dont en France, en Bretagne par exemple.
Particulate organic matter
Particulate organic matter (POM) is a fraction of total organic matter operationally defined as that which does not pass through a filter pore size that typically ranges in size from 0.053 millimeters (53 μm) to 2 millimeters. Particulate organic carbon (POC) is a closely related term often used interchangeably with POM. POC refers specifically to the mass of carbon in the particulate organic material, while POM refers to the total mass of the particulate organic matter.
Marine viruses
Marine viruses are defined by their habitat as viruses that are found in marine environments, that is, in the saltwater of seas or oceans or the brackish water of coastal estuaries. Viruses are small infectious agents that can only replicate inside the living cells of a host organism, because they need the replication machinery of the host to do so. They can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea.