Êtes-vous un étudiant de l'EPFL à la recherche d'un projet de semestre?
Travaillez avec nous sur des projets en science des données et en visualisation, et déployez votre projet sous forme d'application sur GraphSearch.
Concept
Perfect information
Résumé
In economics, perfect information (sometimes referred to as "no hidden information") is a feature of perfect competition. With perfect information in a market, all consumers and producers have complete and instantaneous knowledge of all market prices, their own utility, and own cost functions.
In game theory, a sequential game has perfect information if each player, when making any decision, is perfectly informed of all the events that have previously occurred, including the "initialization event" of the game (e.g. the starting hands of each player in a card game).
Perfect information is importantly different from complete information, which implies common knowledge of each player's utility functions, payoffs, strategies and "types". A game with perfect information may or may not have complete information.
Games where some aspect of play is hidden from opponents – such as the cards in poker and bridge – are examples of games with imperfect information.
Chess is an example of a game with perfect information, as each player can see all the pieces on the board at all times. Other games with perfect information include tic-tac-toe, Reversi, checkers, and Go.
Academic literature has not produced consensus on a standard definition of perfect information which defines whether games with chance, but no secret information, and games with simultaneous moves are games of perfect information.
Games which are sequential (players alternate in moving) and which have chance events (with known probabilities to all players) but no secret information, are sometimes considered games of perfect information. This includes games such as backgammon and Monopoly. But there are some academic papers which do not regard such games as games of perfect information because the results of chance themselves are unknown prior to them occurring.
Games with simultaneous moves are generally not considered games of perfect information. This is because each player holds information which is secret, and must play a move without knowing the opponent's secret information.
Source officielle
À propos de ce résultat
Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.
Concepts associés (21)
Perfect information
In economics, perfect information (sometimes referred to as "no hidden information") is a feature of perfect competition. With perfect information in a market, all consumers and producers have complete and instantaneous knowledge of all market prices, their own utility, and own cost functions. In game theory, a sequential game has perfect information if each player, when making any decision, is perfectly informed of all the events that have previously occurred, including the "initialization event" of the game (e.
Jeu bayésien
En théorie des jeux, un jeu bayésien est un jeu dans lequel l'information dont dispose chaque joueur sur les caractéristiques des autres joueurs est incomplète. En particulier, on représente ainsi un jeu dans lequel un ou plusieurs joueurs font face à une incertitude quant au gain des autres joueurs. Cette situation impose de spécifier pour chaque joueur des croyances concernant les caractéristiques des autres joueurs. Du fait de l'hypothèse de rationalité, ces croyances prennent la forme d'une distribution de probabilités sur toutes les caractéristiques possibles.
Tic-tac-toe
Le tic-tac-toe, aussi appelé « morpion » (par analogie avec le jeu de morpion) et « oxo » en Belgique, est un jeu de réflexion se pratiquant à deux joueurs, tour par tour, dont le but est de créer le premier un alignement. Le jeu se joue généralement en dessinant sur papier au crayon. Deux joueurs s'affrontent. Ils doivent remplir chacun à leur tour une case de la grille avec le symbole qui leur est attribué : O ou X. Le gagnant est celui qui arrive à aligner trois symboles identiques, horizontalement, verticalement ou en diagonale.
Cours associés (3)
MGT-300: Game theory and strategic decisions
Game theory studies the strategic interactions between rational agents. It has a myriad of applications in politics, business, sports. A special branch of Game Theory, Auction Theory, has recently g
FIN-620: Game Theory
Game theory deals with multiperson strategic decision making. Major fields of Economics, such as Microeconomics, Corporate Finance, Market Microstructure, Monetary Economics, Industrial Organization,
MGT-454: Principles of microeconomics
The course allows students to get familiarized with the basic tools and concepts of modern microeconomic analysis. Based on graphical reasoning and analytical calculus, it constantly links to real eco