Concept

Reaction progress kinetic analysis

Résumé
In chemistry, reaction progress kinetic analysis (RPKA) is a subset of a broad range of kinetic techniques utilized to determine the rate laws of chemical reactions and to aid in elucidation of reaction mechanisms. While the concepts guiding reaction progress kinetic analysis are not new, the process was formalized by Professor Donna Blackmond (currently at Scripps Research Institute) in the late 1990s and has since seen increasingly widespread use. Unlike more common pseudo-first-order analysis, in which an overwhelming excess of one or more reagents is used relative to a species of interest, RPKA probes reactions at synthetically relevant conditions (i.e. with concentrations and reagent ratios resembling those used in the reaction when not exploring the rate law.) Generally, this analysis involves a system in which the concentrations of multiple reactants are changing measurably over the course of the reaction. As the mechanism can vary depending on the relative and absolute concentrations of the species involved, this approach obtains results that are much more representative of reaction behavior under commonly utilized conditions than do traditional tactics. Furthermore, information obtained by observation of the reaction over time may provide insight regarding unexpected behavior such as induction periods, catalyst deactivation, or changes in mechanism. Reaction progress kinetic analysis relies on the ability to accurately monitor the reaction conversion over time. This goal may be accomplished by a range of techniques, the most common of which are described below. While these techniques are sometimes categorized as differential (monitoring reaction rate over time) or integral (monitoring the amount of substrate and/or product over time), simple mathematical manipulation (differentiation or integration) allows interconversion of the data obtained by either of the two. Regardless of the technique implemented, it is generally advantageous to confirm the validity in the system of interest by monitoring with an additional independent method.
À propos de ce résultat
Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.
Cours associés (21)
MSE-204: Thermodynamics for materials science
This course establishes the basic concepts of thermodynamics and defines the main state functions. The concepts are then applied to the study of phase diagrams of various systems.
CH-310: Dynamics and kinetics
The course covers the principles of chemical kinetics, including differential rate laws, derivation of exact and approximate integral rate laws for common elementary and composite reactions, fundament
ChE-340: The engineering of chemical reactions
This course applies concepts from chemical kinetics and mass and energy balances to address chemical reaction engineering problems, with a focus on industrial applications. Students develop the abilit
Afficher plus
Publications associées (346)
Concepts associés (6)
Approximation des états quasi stationnaires
L'approximation des états quasi stationnaires (AEQS) est une hypothèse parfois prise en physique, en chimie et tout particulièrement en cinétique chimique, elle est alors également appelée le principe de Bodenstein. Soit X* un intermédiaire réactionnel (donc très réactif). Selon l'AEQS, sa vitesse de création est à peu près égale à sa vitesse de disparition car il est consommé par la réaction juste après sa création. En considérant que sa concentration reste tellement faible qu'elle est constante, la dérivée de sa concentration est nulle.
Rate equation
In chemistry, the rate law or rate equation for a chemical reaction is a mathematical equation that links the rate of forward reaction with the concentrations or pressures of the reactants and constant parameters (normally rate coefficients and partial reaction orders). For many reactions, the initial rate is given by a power law such as where [\mathrm{A}] and [\mathrm{B}] express the concentration of the species \mathrm{A} and \mathrm{B}, usually in moles per liter (molarity, M).
Effet isotopique cinétique
L'effet isotopique cinétique (en anglais, kinetic isotope effect ou KIE) est la variation de la vitesse d'une réaction chimique lorsqu'un atome d'un des réactifs est remplacé par l'un de ses isotopes. Par exemple, le remplacement d'un atome C par un atome C conduit à un effet isotopique cinétique défini par le rapport des constantes de vitesse (on met en général au numérateur la constante qui concerne l'isotope le plus léger). Dans la substitution nucléophile du bromure de méthyle par l'ion cyanure, le rapport mesuré est de .
Afficher plus