Bilan sanguin

Résumé

Le bilan sanguin ou analyse de sang est un des éléments possibles d'un bilan de santé ou de la recherche d'explications à un symptôme pathologique. Il permet souvent de poser, vérifier ou affiner un diagnostic. Dans certains contextes, il peut inclure la recherche de métaux (pour établir un profil métallique du patient) ou d'alcool, de stupéfiants, de médicaments, etc. Utilité C'est un des principaux moyens, avec l'analyse d'urine, la radiographie et l’échographie, d'exploration biologique de l'intérieur du corps. Il est utilisé dans la médecine générale et vétérinaire (biologie clinique), ainsi que par la toxicologie et l'épidémiologie et parfois dans les domaines de la médecine légale, de la médecine professionnelle (médecin du travail, santé au travail) ou de la santé environnementale (écoépidémiologie). Composantes du bilan Le bilan est plus ou moins complet selon la prescription du médecin, mais toujours basé sur une analyse de sang. Celle-ci peut inclure

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilan_sanguin

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Surface modification of PES virus filtration membrane

Claire Roulin

Virus filtration by size exclusion is a robust means of eliminating viruses in blood or pharma products. Porous polymer membranes with a narrow size distribution are used to allow passage of the protein product but retain viruses. The chosen polymer must resist process-induced physical and chemical wear and is therefore generally inert and hydrophobic material. When filtrating potentially heterogeneous products such as IgG from pooled blood samples, protein adsorption on the polymer surface causes high fouling. This eventually blocks the filter and reduces total filtration volume. A solution to this adsorption problem is to graft a hydrophilic gel-like polymer layer on the membrane inner surface to reduce protein adsorption. The surface properties are thus changed while retaining the stability of the bulk polymer. The grafting was initiated with an electron beam, which creates free radicals by unspecific scission of the polymer backbone through electron irradiation. Two acrylate monomers were used for polymerization, a monofunctional monomer and a bifunctional one, used as a crosslinker to form the gel structure. Two different grafting method were tested. The first grafting method is simultaneous grafting, where the membrane is impregnated with the monomer solution then irradiated. Initiation and polymerization thus occur almost simultaneously. The grafted membrane properties were assessed using flow measurements, protein adsorption tests, FTIR absorbance measurements, virus retention tests and filter integrity tests. Comparing the various grafting approaches, it can be seen that simultaneous grafting lowers considerably protein adsorption, to the price of a highly reduced buffer flow. These filters therefore run slowly but can process more volume before fouling. The sequential grafting method using peroxides as initiators did not show significant filtration improvements compared to the reference membrane when the solution with monomer and crosslinker was used. However, when only monofunctional monomer was used for peroxidation grafting, the protein filtration capacity was increased with limited buffer flow loss. Generally, the sequential method is interesting for graft polymerization of porous membranes because it allows higher degree of grafting and the versatile grafting parameters involved give many development options depending on the application

2010

Chargement

, ,

In order to investigate the micro-process and inner mechanism of rock failure under impact loading, the laboratory tests were carried out on an improved split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system with synchronized measurement devices including a high-speed camera and a dynamic strain meter. The experimental results show that the specimens were in the state of good stress equilibrium during the post failure stage even when visible cracks were forming in the specimens. Rock specimens broke into strips but still could bear the external stress and keep force balance. Meanwhile, numerical tests with particle flow code (PFC) revealed that the failure process of rocks can be described by the evolution of micro-fractures. Shear cracks emerged firstly and stopped developing when the external stress was not high enough. Tensile cracks, however, emerged when the rock specimen reached its peak strength and played an important role in controlling the ultimate failure during the post failure stage.

Elsevier Science Bv2017

Chargement

Suspended micro resonator fabrication: atomic layer deposition

Mathieu Basile Aberle, Annalisa De Pastina

This project is focused on atomic layer deposition of aluminium oxide to fabricate suspended microchannel resonators. Few examples of the applications of such devices are blood analysis to detect cancerous cells or device cooling directly on the chip. The main objective is to simplify the current fabrication process implemented in GR-LVT group, which is complicated and long. In autumn 2015, a previous student worked on this project, using parylene C as structural material for the microfluidic channels. The result was successful; however parylene is a very hydrophobic polymer and has bad mechanical properties. Aluminium oxide is a good alternative, as will be shown in this report. In this project, the deposition of aluminium oxide is based on ALD (atomic layer deposition) that gives very conform and uniform thin films.

2016

Chargement

Surface modification of PES virus filtration membrane

Claire Roulin

2010