International taxationInternational taxation is the study or determination of tax on a person or business subject to the tax laws of different countries, or the international aspects of an individual country's tax laws as the case may be. Governments usually limit the scope of their income taxation in some manner territorially or provide for offsets to taxation relating to extraterritorial income. The manner of limitation generally takes the form of a territorial, residence-based, or exclusionary system.
Taxation in the United StatesThe United States of America has separate federal, state, and local governments with taxes imposed at each of these levels. Taxes are levied on income, payroll, property, sales, capital gains, dividends, imports, estates and gifts, as well as various fees. In 2020, taxes collected by federal, state, and local governments amounted to 25.5% of GDP, below the OECD average of 33.5% of GDP. The United States had the seventh-lowest tax revenue-to-GDP ratio among OECD countries in 2020, with a higher ratio than Mexico, Colombia, Chile, Ireland, Costa Rica, and Turkey.
Prix de transfertLes prix de transfert sont ceux auxquels les sociétés d’un même groupe facturent les biens cédés ou les services prestés entre elles. Les prix de transfert correspondent à une problématique fiscale internationale relative à la fixation, à l'analyse et à l'ajustement des prix pratiqués entre entités juridiques liées et implantées dans des pays différents, au regard des biens cédés, des services fournis ou des droits concédés (y compris ceux portant sur des biens incorporels).