Dos

Résumé

vignette|Dos humain En anatomie, chez les animaux vertébrés parmi lesquels les humains, le dos est la partie du corps consistant en les vertèbres et les côtes. Les dorsaux étaient les muscles les plus sollicités par les singes (déplacement arboricole), c'est pourquoi ce sont encore des muscles puissants et volumineux. Le dos humain Le dos humain se compose de sept vertèbres cervicales, douze vertèbres thoraciques (ou dorsales), cinq vertèbres lombaires (ou lombales), cinq vertèbres sacrales et le coccyx. Toutes les vertèbres (excepté les premières vertèbres cervicales, les sacrales et les coccygiennes) sont séparées les unes des autres par un disque intervertébral. Les centres des vertèbres sont empilés, ce qui fait que leurs arcs forment un tube par lequel la moelle spinale passe. À partir de la moelle spinale, des nerfs passent entre les vertèbres, pour innerver par exemple les jambes et les bras. Pathologies du dos Les pathologies du dos sont liées aux p

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dos

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FIRST RESULTS OF SPACE CHARGE SIMULATIONS FOR THE NOVEL MULTI-TURN INJECTION

Matthieu George

Recently, a novelmulti-turn injection technique was proposed. It is based on beam merging via resonance crossing. The various beamlets are successively injected and merged back by crossing a stable resonance generated by non-linear magnetic fields. Space charge is usually a crucial effect at injection in a circular machine and it could have an adverse impact on the phase space topology required for merging the various beamlets. Numerical simulations were performed to assess the stability of the merging process as a function of injected beam charge. The results are presented and discussed in this paper.

2010

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, , ,

This paper provides a robustness analysis of the method we recently developed for rhythmic movement assistance using adaptive oscillators. An adaptive oscillator is a mathematical tool capable of extracting high-level features (i.e. amplitude, frequency, offset) of a quasi-sinusoidal measured movement, a rhythmic flexion-extension of the elbow in this case. By the use of a simple inverse dynamical model, the system can predict the torque produced by a human participant, such that a fraction of this estimated torque is fed back through a series elastic actuator to provide movement assistance. This paper objectives are twofold. First, we introduce a new 1 DOF assistive device developed in our lab. Second, we derive model-based predictions and conduct experimental validations to measure the variations in movement frequency as a function of the open parameters of the inverse dynamical model. As such, the paper provides an estimation of the robustness of our method due to model approximations. As main result, the paper reveals that the movement frequency is particularly robust to errors in the estimation of the damping coefficient. This is of high interest for the applicability of our approach, this parameter being in general the most difficult to identify.

IEEE2011

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Spatiotemporal Imaging of Water in Operating Voltage-Gated Ion Channels Reveals the Slow Motion of Interfacial Ions

Maksim Eremchev, Aleksandra Radenovic, Sylvie Roke, Orly Bagunu Tarun

Ion channels are responsible for numerous physiological functions ranging from transport to chemical and electrical signaling. Although static ion channel structure has been studied following a structural biology approach, spatiotemporal investigation of the dynamic molecular mechanisms of operational ion channels has not been achieved experimentally. In particular, the role of water remains elusive. Here, we perform label-free spatiotemporal second harmonic (SH) imaging and capacitance measurements of operational voltage-gated alamethicin ion channels in freestanding lipid membranes surrounded by aqueous solution on either side. We observe changes in SH intensity upon channel activation that are traced back to changes in the orientational distribution of water molecules that reorient along the field lines of transported ions. Of the transported ions, a fraction of 10–4 arrives at the hydrated membrane interface, leading to interfacial electrostatic changes on the time scale of a second. The time scale of these interfacial changes is influenced by the density of ion channels and is subject to a crowding mechanism. Ion transport along cell membranes is often associated with the propagation of electrical signals in neurons. As our study shows that this process is taking place over seconds, a more complex mechanism is likely responsible for the propagation of neuronal electrical signals than just the millisecond movement of ions.

2019

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