Industrie vidéoludique

Résumé

vignette|Cette image est a été prise lors de la Gamescom de 2009. La Gamescom est une convention concernent le domaine des jeux vidéos. L'industrie vidéoludique est le secteur d'activité économique de la conception, la production et la commercialisation du jeu vidéo. Cette industrie compte une douzaine de disciplines dans son domaine ainsi que bon nombre d'emplois : par exemple, aux États-Unis, le jeu vidéo est directement responsable de en 2010. Le revenu mondial du jeu vidéo est estimé à de dollars américains en 2014. Soit plus du double de celui du chiffre d'affaires de l'industrie cinématographique mondiale en 2013. En 2015, il est estimé à de dollars. Les plus grandes nations selon les revenus estimés du jeu vidéo en 2016 sont la Chine ( de dollars), les États-Unis ( de dollars) et le Japon ( de dollars). Les plus importantes régions en 2015 sont l'Asie-Pacifique ( de dollars), l'Amérique du Nord ( de dollars), et l'Europe occidentale ( de dollars).

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrie_vid%C3%A9oludique

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A Systemic Approach for Designing Open Innovation Value Networks

Arash Golnam, Gil Regev, Alain Wegmann

The past two decades have seen a number of changes to the business and technological environment that have favored the rise of “open” collaborative innovation as alternative to the more traditional ”closed” models. The traditional view of innovation as a closed or proprietary system where new ideas are generated from an internal research group or an R&D department is being replaced by open innovation value networks in which enterprises collaborate in a variety of ways with third parties (including their competitors) to generate new or significantly improved products or services. In moving from “closed” to “open” innovation enterprises require; a new set of skills and tools to configure an open innovation value network, as well as, radical changes in their organizational structures in order to manage the complex web of relationships inherent in open innovation value networks. In this paper, we apply Systemic Enterprise Architecture Method (SEAM). SEAM offers a systemic conceptualization technique and a set of heuristics useful to analyze and design open innovation. In this paper, our method is illustrated with an example of open innovation in the computer industry. We show how enterprises can design open innovation value networks and identify the organizational structure required to better exploit the opportunities afforded by open innovation.

International Society for Professional Innovation Management2009

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Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is the only technique capable of measuring a large number of metabolites simultaneously in vivo. Ultra-high magnetic fields (UHF) combined with ultra-short echo time (TE) sequences allow the detection of high-quality 1H MR spectra and the quantification of 20 different metabolites in the brain (markers of energy metabolism, osmoregulation etc.).In vivo brain localized 1H MR spectra at short TEs contain the contribution of mobile macromolecules (MM). Reliable detection and fitting of MM are crucial for accurate quantification. Higher spectral resolution at UHF led to increased interest in using a parametrized MM spectrum and flexible spline baselines to address unpredicted spectroscopic components.In this thesis the MM spectra (from the rat brain at 9.4T) were characterized using an improved methodological approach for their post-processing, fitting and quantification. This method provided an efficient tool for parametrization of the MM spectrum into individual components and estimation of their T2app relaxation times. An extensive assessment on how the MM spectrum and spline baseline stiffness affect the metabolite and MM quantification is also reported Type C hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a complication of chronic liver disease (CLD). Children and adults respond differently to CLD and its related toxic accumulation of molecules (i.e. ammonium (NH4+), glutamine (Gln)). Children with CLD may grow up with significant neurocognitive deficits even after liver transplantation. Despite considerable advances in understanding the pathogenesis of type C HE, the exact metabolic mechanisms and their regional variations are not fully understood.The advantages of UHF short TE 1H MRS were used herein to describe the regional distribution of metabolites in the developing and adult brain using the bile duct ligated model (BDL) of type C HE (adult and postnatal day 21 rats). Three brain regions were assessed (hippocampus, cerebellum and striatum) pointing towards cerebellum as a region with the heaviest burden of Gln and unique metabolic response. Changes in cell morphology were followed longitudinally and related to the metabolic alterations. Elevated oxidative stress is reported using electron paramagnetic resonance, together with the decreased antioxidants (1H MRS) emphasizing its important role in HE. The brain regional measurements confirmed the higher susceptibility of developing brain to the disease and the increased vulnerability of cerebellum. Finally, the beneficial effect of Cr supplementation on the neurometabolic profile is described using 1H MRS and 31P MRS in CLD pups (BDL at postnatal day 15) suggesting that an appropriate treatment may have significant public health impact.MRSI is a powerful tool to non-invasively and spatially map the brain regional distribution of metabolites in vivo. While MRSI in human brain is increasingly used, preclinical MRSI is not widely applied mainly due to the small rodent brain, long acquisition times and low signal to noise ratio. The implementation of a novel approach: free induction decay (FID) MRSI on the 14.1T preclinical scanner is described herein. This method offers a fast and robust data acquisition with high spatial resolution resulting in high quality spectroscopic maps. Finally, preliminary assessment of the effect of two noise reduction techniques (MP-PCA and TGV reconstruction) on the spectra from preclinical MRSI datasets is briefly presented.

EPFL2022

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Phantom Curves: Scientific Discovery through Interactive Music Visualization

Daniel Harasim, Fabian Claude Moss

We introduce phantom curves, a novel music-theoretical concept based on the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), and document the creative process that led to their discovery. In particular, we emphasize the importance of interactive web applications for music visualization and analysis. This is demonstrated using the example of the application midiVERTO which affords interactions with the pitch-class content of musical pieces encoded in MIDI format without requiring in-depth understanding of the underlying mathematics. We illustrate the analytical value of studying families of phantom curves by applying the concept to music from a Broadway musical, a video game, and a Hollywood movie. This process of discovery thus testifies to the fact that digital tools can bridge disciplinary boundaries between music theory and mathematics, and this interaction can generate new scientific knowledge.

ACM2022

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EPFL2022