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Concept
Relation inverse
Résumé
In mathematics, the converse relation, or transpose, of a binary relation is the relation that occurs when the order of the elements is switched in the relation. For example, the converse of the relation 'child of' is the relation 'parent of'. In formal terms, if and are sets and is a relation from to then is the relation defined so that if and only if In set-builder notation,
The notation is analogous with that for an inverse function. Although many functions do not have an inverse, every relation does have a unique converse. The unary operation that maps a relation to the converse relation is an involution, so it induces the structure of a semigroup with involution on the binary relations on a set, or, more generally, induces a on the as detailed below. As a unary operation, taking the converse (sometimes called conversion or transposition) commutes with the order-related operations of the calculus of relations, that is it commutes with union, intersection, and complement.
Since a relation may be represented by a logical matrix, and the logical matrix of the converse relation is the transpose of the original, the converse relation is also called the transpose relation. It has also been called the opposite or dual of the original relation, or the inverse of the original relation, or the reciprocal of the relation
Other notations for the converse relation include or
For the usual (maybe strict or partial) order relations, the converse is the naively expected "opposite" order, for examples,
A relation may be represented by a logical matrix such as
Then the converse relation is represented by its transpose matrix:
The converse of kinship relations are named: " is a child of " has converse " is a parent of ". " is a nephew or niece of " has converse " is an uncle or aunt of ". The relation " is a sibling of " is its own converse, since it is a symmetric relation.
In the monoid of binary endorelations on a set (with the binary operation on relations being the composition of relations), the converse relation does not satisfy the definition of an inverse from group theory, that is, if is an arbitrary relation on then does equal the identity relation on in general.
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Relation asymétrique
En mathématiques, une relation (binaire, interne) R est dite asymétrique si elle vérifie : ou encore, si son graphe est disjoint de celui de sa relation réciproque. L'asymétrie est parfois appelée « antisymétrie forte », par opposition à l'antisymétrie (usuelle, ou « faible »). En effet, une relation est asymétrique si et seulement si elle est à la fois antisymétrique et antiréflexive. les relations d'ordre strict, qui sont les relations transitives et asymétriques ; dans les entiers, la relation "est le successeur de" ; dans un ensemble de personnes, la relation « est enfant de » : personne n'est enfant d'un de ses enfants.
Homogeneous relation
In mathematics, a homogeneous relation (also called endorelation) on a set X is a binary relation between X and itself, i.e. it is a subset of the Cartesian product X × X. This is commonly phrased as "a relation on X" or "a (binary) relation over X". An example of a homogeneous relation is the relation of kinship, where the relation is between people. Common types of endorelations include orders, graphs, and equivalences. Specialized studies of order theory and graph theory have developed understanding of endorelations.
Total relation
In mathematics, a binary relation R ⊆ X×Y between two sets X and Y is total (or left total) if the source set X equals the domain {x : there is a y with xRy }. Conversely, R is called right total if Y equals the range {y : there is an x with xRy }. When f: X → Y is a function, the domain of f is all of X, hence f is a total relation. On the other hand, if f is a partial function, then the domain may be a proper subset of X, in which case f is not a total relation.
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