Concept
IEEE 754
Concepts associés (16)
Quadruple-precision floating-point format
In computing, quadruple precision (or quad precision) is a binary floating point–based computer number format that occupies 16 bytes (128 bits) with precision at least twice the 53-bit double precision. This 128-bit quadruple precision is designed not only for applications requiring results in higher than double precision, but also, as a primary function, to allow the computation of double precision results more reliably and accurately by minimising overflow and round-off errors in intermediate calculations and scratch variables.
Single-precision floating-point format
Single-precision floating-point format (sometimes called FP32 or float32) is a computer number format, usually occupying 32 bits in computer memory; it represents a wide dynamic range of numeric values by using a floating radix point. A floating-point variable can represent a wider range of numbers than a fixed-point variable of the same bit width at the cost of precision. A signed 32-bit integer variable has a maximum value of 231 − 1 = 2,147,483,647, whereas an IEEE 754 32-bit base-2 floating-point variable has a maximum value of (2 − 2−23) × 2127 ≈ 3.
Intel 8087
thumb|upright=1.2|Intel C8087. thumb|upright=1.2|Architecture du 8087. Les Intel 8087 furent les premiers coprocesseurs mathématiques conçus par Intel en 1980 pour les machines 16 bits (le 8231 est plus ancien, mais conçu pour le processeur 8 bit Intel 8080). Il était conçu pour être utilisé avec les microprocesseurs Intel 8088 et 8086. Le but du 8087, le premier de la famille x87, était d'accélérer des calculs pour des applications demandant un traitement avec des nombres à virgule flottante.
Extended precision
Extended precision refers to floating-point number formats that provide greater precision than the basic floating-point formats. Extended precision formats support a basic format by minimizing roundoff and overflow errors in intermediate values of expressions on the base format. In contrast to extended precision, arbitrary-precision arithmetic refers to implementations of much larger numeric types (with a storage count that usually is not a power of two) using special software (or, rarely, hardware).
Unit in the last place
In computer science and numerical analysis, unit in the last place or unit of least precision (ulp) is the spacing between two consecutive floating-point numbers, i.e., the value the least significant digit (rightmost digit) represents if it is 1. It is used as a measure of accuracy in numeric calculations. One definition is: In radix with precision , if , then . Another definition, suggested by John Harrison, is slightly different: is the distance between the two closest straddling floating-point numbers and (i.
Types de donnée du langage C
Les types de donnée du langage C définissent les caractéristiques de stockage et les opérations disponibles pour chaque valeur et chaque variable d'un code source en langage C. Les types fondamentaux du langage C sont conçus pour pouvoir correspondre aux types supportés par l'architecture de processeur cible. Le langage C possède une vingtaine de types fondamentaux pour représenter des nombres naturels, entiers et réels. Le langage offre une syntaxe pour construire des types d'adresse mémoire (pointeurs) vectoriels (tableaux) et composés (structures).
Half-precision floating-point format
In computing, half precision (sometimes called FP16 or float16) is a binary floating-point computer number format that occupies 16 bits (two bytes in modern computers) in computer memory. It is intended for storage of floating-point values in applications where higher precision is not essential, in particular and neural networks. Almost all modern uses follow the IEEE 754-2008 standard, where the 16-bit base-2 format is referred to as binary16, and the exponent uses 5 bits.
Bfloat16 floating-point format
The bfloat16 (brain floating point) floating-point format is a computer number format occupying 16 bits in computer memory; it represents a wide dynamic range of numeric values by using a floating radix point. This format is a truncated (16-bit) version of the 32-bit IEEE 754 single-precision floating-point format (binary32) with the intent of accelerating machine learning and near-sensor computing. It preserves the approximate dynamic range of 32-bit floating-point numbers by retaining 8 exponent bits, but supports only an 8-bit precision rather than the 24-bit significand of the binary32 format.
Double-precision floating-point format
Double-precision floating-point format (sometimes called FP64 or float64) is a floating-point number format, usually occupying 64 bits in computer memory; it represents a wide dynamic range of numeric values by using a floating radix point. Floating point is used to represent fractional values, or when a wider range is needed than is provided by fixed point (of the same bit width), even if at the cost of precision. Double precision may be chosen when the range or precision of single precision would be insufficient.
Minifloat
In computing, minifloats are floating-point values represented with very few bits. Predictably, they are not well suited for general-purpose numerical calculations. They are used for special purposes, most often in computer graphics, where iterations are small and precision has aesthetic effects. Machine learning also uses similar formats like bfloat16. Additionally, they are frequently encountered as a pedagogical tool in computer-science courses to demonstrate the properties and structures of floating-point arithmetic and IEEE 754 numbers.