Apraxia of speechApraxia of speech (AOS), also called verbal apraxia, is a speech sound disorder affecting an individual's ability to translate conscious speech plans into motor plans, which results in limited and difficult speech ability. By the definition of apraxia, AOS affects volitional (willful or purposeful) movement pattern. However, AOS usually also affects automatic speech. Individuals with AOS have difficulty connecting speech messages from the brain to the mouth.
Speech repetitionSpeech repetition occurs when individuals speak the sounds that they have heard another person pronounce or say. In other words, it is the saying by one individual of the spoken vocalizations made by another individual. Speech repetition requires the person repeating the utterance to have the ability to map the sounds that they hear from the other person's oral pronunciation to similar places and manners of articulation in their own vocal tract.
Speech and language impairmentSpeech and language impairment are basic categories that might be drawn in issues of communication involve hearing, speech, language, and fluency. A speech impairment is characterized by difficulty in articulation of words. Examples include stuttering or problems producing particular sounds. Articulation refers to the sounds, syllables, and phonology produced by the individual. Voice, however, may refer to the characteristics of the sounds produced—specifically, the pitch, quality, and intensity of the sound.
Speech sound disorderA speech sound disorder (SSD) is a speech disorder in which some sounds (phonemes) are not produced or used correctly. The term "protracted phonological development" is sometimes preferred when describing children's speech, to emphasize the continuing development while acknowledging the delay. Speech sound disorders may be subdivided into two primary types, articulation disorders (also called phonetic disorders) and phonemic disorders (also called phonological disorders).
ApraxieLe mot apraxie découle du terme praxie qui désigne les fonctions de coordination et d'adaptation des mouvements volontaires de base dans le but d'accomplir une tâche donnée. Praxie vient du mot grec praxis qui signifie « action ». Une personne dont la praxie est normale est capable d'imiter des mouvements, d'appréhender des objets dans l'espace et de les manipuler, de reproduire des dessins de manière spontanée.
Language delayA language delay is a language disorder in which a child fails to develop language abilities at the usual age-appropriate period in their developmental timetable. It is most commonly seen in children ages two to seven years-old and can continue into adulthood. The reported prevalence of language delay ranges from 2.3 to 19 percent. Language is a uniquely human form of communication that entails the use of words in a standard and structured way. Language is distinct from communication. Communication is a two-stage process.
OrthophonieL'orthophonie (ortho : « droit », phonè : « son »), ou logopédie (logos : « parole », paideia : « éducation ») en Belgique et en Suisse, est une profession paramédicale, pratiquée par des orthophonistes uniquement avec prescription médicale en France et au Canada, des logopèdes en Belgique et des logopédistes en Suisse, et liée à un champ d'expertises et de pratiques thérapeutiques spécialisées dans l'évaluation et le traitement des troubles de la communication que ce soit à la voix, à la parole et au langa
DysarthrieLa dysarthrie (du grec dys-, préfixe qui exprime l'idée de mal ou de manque + grec -arthron, jointure, articulation, articulation de la voix) est un trouble de l'articulation de la parole, d'origine centrale et périphérique (nerfs crâniens). C'est le système nerveux qui est lésé. Les muscles qui commandent les mouvements nécessaires au langage oral sont innervés par les nerfs suivants : nerf facial, nerf vague, hypoglosse, accessoire et glosso-pharyngien. Ils ont tous, mis à part le nerf facial, une attache au niveau du bulbe rachidien.
