Concept
Homologie singulière
Concepts associés (32)
Homologie cellulaire
En mathématiques et plus précisément en topologie algébrique, l'homologie cellulaire est une théorie de l'homologie des CW-complexes. Elle coïncide avec leur homologie singulière et en fournit un moyen de calcul. Si X est un CW-complexe de n-squelette X, les modules d'homologie cellulaire sont définis comme les groupes d'homologie du complexe de chaînes cellulaires Le groupe est le groupe abélien libre dont les générateurs sont les n-cellules de X.
Steenrod algebra
In algebraic topology, a Steenrod algebra was defined by to be the algebra of stable cohomology operations for mod cohomology. For a given prime number , the Steenrod algebra is the graded Hopf algebra over the field of order , consisting of all stable cohomology operations for mod cohomology. It is generated by the Steenrod squares introduced by for , and by the Steenrod reduced th powers introduced in and the Bockstein homomorphism for . The term "Steenrod algebra" is also sometimes used for the algebra of cohomology operations of a generalized cohomology theory.
Reduced homology
In mathematics, reduced homology is a minor modification made to homology theory in algebraic topology, motivated by the intuition that all of the homology groups of a single point should be equal to zero. This modification allows more concise statements to be made (as in Alexander duality) and eliminates many exceptional cases (as in the homology groups of spheres). If P is a single-point space, then with the usual definitions the integral homology group H0(P) is isomorphic to (an infinite cyclic group), while for i ≥ 1 we have Hi(P) = {0}.
Closed manifold
In mathematics, a closed manifold is a manifold without boundary that is compact. In comparison, an open manifold is a manifold without boundary that has only non-compact components. The only connected one-dimensional example is a circle. The sphere, torus, and the Klein bottle are all closed two-dimensional manifolds. The real projective space RPn is a closed n-dimensional manifold. The complex projective space CPn is a closed 2n-dimensional manifold. A line is not closed because it is not compact.
Complexe différentiel
En mathématiques, un complexe différentiel est un groupe abélien (voire un module), ou plus généralement un objet d'une catégorie abélienne, muni d'un endomorphisme de carré nul (appelé différentielle ou bord), c'est-à-dire dont l' est contenue dans le noyau. Cette condition permet de définir son homologie, qui constitue un invariant essentiel en topologie algébrique. Un complexe différentiel peut être gradué pour constituer un complexe de chaines ou de cochaines).
Cohomology
In mathematics, specifically in homology theory and algebraic topology, cohomology is a general term for a sequence of abelian groups, usually one associated with a topological space, often defined from a cochain complex. Cohomology can be viewed as a method of assigning richer algebraic invariants to a space than homology. Some versions of cohomology arise by dualizing the construction of homology. In other words, cochains are functions on the group of chains in homology theory.
Weak equivalence (homotopy theory)
In mathematics, a weak equivalence is a notion from homotopy theory that in some sense identifies objects that have the same "shape". This notion is formalized in the axiomatic definition of a . A model category is a with classes of morphisms called weak equivalences, fibrations, and cofibrations, satisfying several axioms. The associated of a model category has the same objects, but the morphisms are changed in order to make the weak equivalences into isomorphisms.
Groupe d'homotopie
En mathématiques, et plus particulièrement en topologie algébrique, les groupes d'homotopie sont des invariants qui généralisent la notion de groupe fondamental aux dimensions supérieures. Il y a plusieurs définitions équivalentes possibles. Première définition Soit X un espace topologique et un point de X. Soit la boule unité de dimension i de l'espace euclidien . Son bord est la sphère unité de dimension . Le i-ième groupe d'homotopie supérieur est l'ensemble des classes d'homotopie relative à d'applications continues telle que : .
CW-complexe
En topologie algébrique, un CW-complexe est un type d'espace topologique, défini par J. H. C. Whitehead pour répondre aux besoins de la théorie de l'homotopie. L'idée était de travailler sur une classe d'objets plus grande que celle des complexes simpliciaux et possédant de meilleures propriétés du point de vue de la théorie des catégories, mais présentant comme eux des propriétés combinatoires se prêtant aux calculs. Le nom CW provient du qualificatif de l'espace topologique, en anglais : closure-finite weak topology, pour « à fermeture finie » et « topologie faible ».
Mapping cone (homological algebra)
In homological algebra, the mapping cone is a construction on a map of chain complexes inspired by the analogous construction in topology. In the theory of triangulated categories it is a kind of combined and cokernel: if the chain complexes take their terms in an , so that we can talk about cohomology, then the cone of a map f being acyclic means that the map is a quasi-isomorphism; if we pass to the of complexes, this means that f is an isomorphism there, which recalls the familiar property of maps of groups, modules over a ring, or elements of an arbitrary abelian category that if the kernel and cokernel both vanish, then the map is an isomorphism.