In mathematics, specifically in homology theory and algebraic topology, cohomology is a general term for a sequence of abelian groups, usually one associated with a topological space, often defined from a cochain complex. Cohomology can be viewed as a method of assigning richer algebraic invariants to a space than homology. Some versions of cohomology arise by dualizing the construction of homology. In other words, cochains are functions on the group of chains in homology theory.
From its beginning in topology, this idea became a dominant method in the mathematics of the second half of the twentieth century. From the initial idea of homology as a method of constructing algebraic invariants of topological spaces, the range of applications of homology and cohomology theories has spread throughout geometry and algebra. The terminology tends to hide the fact that cohomology, a contravariant theory, is more natural than homology in many applications. At a basic level, this has to do with functions and pullbacks in geometric situations: given spaces X and Y, and some kind of function F on Y, for any mapping f : X → Y, composition with f gives rise to a function F ∘ f on X. The most important cohomology theories have a product, the cup product, which gives them a ring structure. Because of this feature, cohomology is usually a stronger invariant than homology.
Singular cohomology is a powerful invariant in topology, associating a graded-commutative ring with any topological space. Every continuous map f: X → Y determines a homomorphism from the cohomology ring of Y to that of X; this puts strong restrictions on the possible maps from X to Y. Unlike more subtle invariants such as homotopy groups, the cohomology ring tends to be computable in practice for spaces of interest.
For a topological space X, the definition of singular cohomology starts with the singular chain complex:
By definition, the singular homology of X is the homology of this chain complex (the kernel of one homomorphism modulo the image of the previous one).
Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.
In mathematics, specifically in homology theory and algebraic topology, cohomology is a general term for a sequence of abelian groups, usually one associated with a topological space, often defined from a cochain complex. Cohomology can be viewed as a method of assigning richer algebraic invariants to a space than homology. Some versions of cohomology arise by dualizing the construction of homology. In other words, cochains are functions on the group of chains in homology theory.
En mathématiques, un faisceau est un outil permettant de suivre systématiquement des données définies localement et rattachées aux ouverts d'un espace topologique. Les données peuvent être restreintes à des ouverts plus petits, et les données correspondantes à un ouvert sont équivalentes à l'ensemble des données compatibles correspondantes aux ouverts plus petits couvrant l'ouvert d'origine. Par exemple, de telles données peuvent consister en des anneaux de fonctions réelles continues ou lisses définies sur chaque ouvert.
Homological algebra is the branch of mathematics that studies homology in a general algebraic setting. It is a relatively young discipline, whose origins can be traced to investigations in combinatorial topology (a precursor to algebraic topology) and abstract algebra (theory of modules and syzygies) at the end of the 19th century, chiefly by Henri Poincaré and David Hilbert. Homological algebra is the study of homological functors and the intricate algebraic structures that they entail; its development was closely intertwined with the emergence of .
Singular cohomology is defined by dualizing the singular chain complex for spaces. We will study its basic properties, see how it acquires a multiplicative structure and becomes a graded commutative a
Homology is one of the most important tools to study topological spaces and it plays an important role in many fields of mathematics. The aim of this course is to introduce this notion, understand it
We expect these mini-courses to equip junior researchers with new tools, techniques, and perspectives for attacking a broad range of questions in their own areas of research while also inspiring stude
Couvre le produit de la tasse sur la cohomologie, les modèles acycliques et le théorème universel des coefficients.
We prove the vanishing of the bounded cohomology of lamplighter groups for a wide range of coefficients. This implies the same vanishing for a number of groups with self-similarity properties, such as
SPRINGER BASEL AG2022
It is proved that the continuous bounded cohomology of SL2(k) vanishes in all positive degrees whenever k is a non-Archimedean local field. This holds more generally for boundary-transitive groups of
We prove the vanishing of the cup product of the bounded cohomology classes associated to any two Brooks quasimorphisms on the free group. This is a consequence of the vanishing of the square of a uni