Track geometryTrack geometry is concerned with the properties and relations of points, lines, curves, and surfaces in the three-dimensional positioning of railroad track. The term is also applied to measurements used in design, construction and maintenance of track. Track geometry involves standards, speed limits and other regulations in the areas of track gauge, alignment, elevation, curvature and track surface. Standards are usually separately expressed for horizontal and vertical layouts although track geometry is three-dimensional.
Courbe de transition de voievignette|240x240px|La spirale rouge d'Euler est un exemple d'une courbe de servitude entre le bleu de la ligne droite et un arc de cercle, en vert. vignette|Animation illustrant l'évolution d'une spirale de Cornu avec le cercle tangentiel de même rayon de courbure à son extrémité, également connu comme cercle osculateur (cliquez sur la vignette pour voir). vignette|240x240px|Ce signe à côté d'un chemin de fer (entre Gand et Bruges) indique le début de la transition de la courbe. Une courbe parabolique (« POB ») est utilisée.
Minimum railway curve radiusThe minimum railway curve radius is the shortest allowable design radius for the centerline of railway tracks under a particular set of conditions. It has an important bearing on construction costs and operating costs and, in combination with superelevation (difference in elevation of the two rails) in the case of train tracks, determines the maximum safe speed of a curve. The minimum radius of a curve is one parameter in the design of railway vehicles as well as trams; monorails and automated guideways are also subject to a minimum radius.
Voie ferréeUne voie ferrée est un chemin de roulement pour trains constitué de deux files de rails dont l'écartement est maintenu constant par une fixation sur des traverses, reposant elles-mêmes sur du ballast. Le terme de voie ferrée apparait à partir du en Angleterre et désigne à l'époque l'agencement de deux rails de bois parallèles sur lesquels un cheval tracte une cargaison, ce qui augmente la vitesse du transport.
Rail transportRail transport (also known as train transport) is a means of transport that transfers passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, which are incorporated in tracks. In contrast to road transport, where the vehicles run on a prepared flat surface, rail vehicles (rolling stock) are directionally guided by the tracks on which they run. Tracks usually consist of steel rails.Rolling stock in a rail transport system generally encounters lower frictional resistance than rubber-tyred road vehicles, so passenger and freight cars (carriages and wagons) can be coupled into longer trains.
